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Questions and Answers
What is considered a mid-level microcontroller?
What is considered a mid-level microcontroller?
- PIC16F877 (correct)
- PIC18 (correct)
- 8051 family
- PIC32
The majority of students' projects require high-end microcontrollers.
The majority of students' projects require high-end microcontrollers.
False (B)
What feature allows microcontrollers to perform tasks such as multiply and divide?
What feature allows microcontrollers to perform tasks such as multiply and divide?
Special instructions
PIC microcontrollers use the __________ architecture.
PIC microcontrollers use the __________ architecture.
Match the memory types with their characteristics:
Match the memory types with their characteristics:
Which of the following features is typical for high-end microcontrollers?
Which of the following features is typical for high-end microcontrollers?
What is one of the primary functions of a microcontroller?
What is one of the primary functions of a microcontroller?
A microcontroller can only execute a fixed set of operations regardless of the program loaded.
A microcontroller can only execute a fixed set of operations regardless of the program loaded.
The contents of RAM data memory in PIC microcontrollers are retained when power is lost.
The contents of RAM data memory in PIC microcontrollers are retained when power is lost.
What is the maximum amount of program memory supported by PIC architecture?
What is the maximum amount of program memory supported by PIC architecture?
Name the three major categories of PIC microcontrollers.
Name the three major categories of PIC microcontrollers.
A microcontroller includes a mechanism for ____ handling, which allows it to perform multiple tasks in parallel.
A microcontroller includes a mechanism for ____ handling, which allows it to perform multiple tasks in parallel.
Match the following components of a microcontroller with their functions:
Match the following components of a microcontroller with their functions:
Which of the following best defines the term 'instruction set' in the context of microcontrollers?
Which of the following best defines the term 'instruction set' in the context of microcontrollers?
What is the maximum size of each memory bank in the PIC 16 data memory?
What is the maximum size of each memory bank in the PIC 16 data memory?
General-purpose registers can have their function changed after manufacturing.
General-purpose registers can have their function changed after manufacturing.
The PIC10 through PIC14 families are categorized as high-end microcontrollers.
The PIC10 through PIC14 families are categorized as high-end microcontrollers.
What integrated components allow a microcontroller to interact with external systems?
What integrated components allow a microcontroller to interact with external systems?
What determines the current bank in use within the PIC 16's RAM?
What determines the current bank in use within the PIC 16's RAM?
The rightmost bit of a byte is called the ______.
The rightmost bit of a byte is called the ______.
Match the registers with their descriptions.
Match the registers with their descriptions.
Which of the following types of memory is non-volatile?
Which of the following types of memory is non-volatile?
The PIC16F873 has 8K words of program memory.
The PIC16F873 has 8K words of program memory.
What are the instruction word sizes for the PIC series mentioned?
What are the instruction word sizes for the PIC series mentioned?
The PIC16 has _____ banks, each containing 128 registers.
The PIC16 has _____ banks, each containing 128 registers.
Match the following PIC family members with their program memory capacity:
Match the following PIC family members with their program memory capacity:
Which of the following statements about program memory is true?
Which of the following statements about program memory is true?
The contents of RAM are retained when the power goes off.
The contents of RAM are retained when the power goes off.
How much internal RAM does the PIC16F877 have?
How much internal RAM does the PIC16F877 have?
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Study Notes
Embedded Systems Design Overview
- Embedded systems integrate hardware and software for specific tasks, often using microcontrollers for control systems.
Microcontroller Definition
- A microcontroller is a single-chip system containing a processor, memory, and input/output interfaces.
- It includes timers and interrupt handling for parallel task management.
Functionality of Microcontrollers
- Microcontrollers execute instructions from stored programs to process sensor values and produce system outputs.
- Instruction sets define the specific operations a microcontroller can perform.
PIC Microcontroller Classification
- Divided into three main categories:
- 8-bit (low-end)
- 16-bit (mid-level, popular in projects; e.g., PIC16F877)
- 32-bit (high-end)
Key Microcontroller Features
- On-chip RAM and ROM for data and program storage.
- Internal/external interrupts for event handling.
- Timers, counters, and advanced communication options like USB.
Microcontroller Memory Organization
- Utilizes Harvard architecture with separate memory spaces for program instructions (non-volatile) and data memory (volatile).
- Total program memory can reach up to 2M bytes.
Program Memory Specifications
- Program memory stores instructions and is measured in words; different PIC variants have different word sizes (12, 14, or 16-bit).
- Example: PIC16F877 has 8K words of program memory organized in pages.
Data Memory Details
- Internal RAM sizes range from 32 bytes to 4K bytes depending on the PIC model.
- PIC16F877 features 512 bytes of RAM divided into four banks of 128 registers, not expandable externally.
Special Function Registers (SFR)
- SFRs control device operations, classified into core (CPU) and peripheral registers.
- These registers influence functionality based on predetermined manufacturing configurations.
Data Representation
- Data is stored in bytes (8 bits); the most significant bit (MSB) and least significant bit (LSB) denote the byte’s value significance.
- Different representations exist for various data types (e.g., BCD).
Considerations for Microcontroller Selection
- Application requirements determine the appropriate microcontroller and its memory needs.
- Consider available features like additional interfaces (e.g., analog-to-digital converters, LCD drivers) when selecting a microcontroller.
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