Embedded Systems Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of an embedded system?

  • It must be dependent on a large operating system.
  • It operates without any constraints.
  • It is always energy-inefficient.
  • It must be highly customizable. (correct)

    • All embedded systems require an RTOS to function properly.

    False

    Name one advantage and one disadvantage of embedded systems.

    Advantage: Low power consumption. Disadvantage: High development effort.

    An embedded system is a _____ based, software-driven, reliable, real-time control system.

    <p>Microcontroller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the characteristic of embedded systems with its description:

    <p>Reliability = Probability of system working correctly at t=0 Safety = No harm to be caused Security = Confidential and authentic communication Maintainability = Probability of system working correctly after an error occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of embedded systems?

    <p>Superfluous load handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an embedded system designed to integrate?

    <p>Sensors, actuators, and intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Real-time systems can afford delays in computation without affecting performance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the processor play in an embedded system?

    <p>The processor is the basic unit that takes inputs and produces outputs after processing data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A microcontroller can add external RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily characterizes an embedded system?

    <p>Integration of sensors, actuators, and intelligence for robust performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main role of an energy conversion device in an embedded system is to convert _____ to the kind needed by the controlled device.

    <p>power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components to their roles in an embedded system:

    <p>Sensors = Detect changes in the environment Actuators = Perform actions based on system commands Intelligence = Process inputs and control outputs Energy Conversion Device = Convert power source for devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a microcontroller?

    <p>Can perform multitasking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communication with other devices is typically unnecessary in embedded systems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of where microcontrollers are typically used.

    <p>In washing machines for operational control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an embedded system primarily designed to do?

    <p>Perform a specific task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An embedded system can only function as a component of a large system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of an embedded system?

    <p>Hardware, application software, Real Time Operating System (RTOS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An embedded system is defined as any device that includes a _____ but is not itself a general-purpose computer.

    <p>computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents a characteristic of embedded systems?

    <p>They function without human intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An embedded system can consist of just hardware without any software.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Real Time Operating System (RTOS) in an embedded system?

    <p>To supervise application software and manage process scheduling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their descriptions in an embedded system:

    <p>Microcontroller = The hardware component that executes instructions Application Software = The programs designed to perform specific tasks Sensors = Devices that detect changes in the environment Actuators = Components that perform actions in response to signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Embedded Systems Overview

    • Embedded systems are arrangements where all components work together based on a set of rules.
    • Systems like watches use these rules to display time.
    • If a part fails, the whole system may stop functioning.
    • Embedded systems can function independently or be part of a larger system.

    Embedded System Components

    • Hardware: physical components of the system (example: sensors, actuators)
    • Software: application software to control the hardware
    • RTOS (Real-Time Operating System): A system that manages application software, schedules tasks, and controls processing to prevent delays
    • Embedded systems can be defined as microcontroller-based, software driven, real-time control systems.

    Examples of Embedded Systems

    • Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
    • Cell phones
    • Printers
    • Automobiles (engine, brakes, dashboard components)
    • Surveillance systems
    • The Opel Vectra (2002) used over 40 sensors of 25 types.
    • Autonomous vehicles (electronic gas, brake, steering)

    Characteristics of Embedded Systems

    • Dependable:
      • Reliability: probability of working correctly
      • Maintainability: likelihood of continuing to function
      • Availability: probability of being functional at any given time
      • Safety: no dangerous or harmful effects
      • Security: confidential and authentic communication
    • Efficient:
      • Energy efficiency
      • Code-size efficiency - appropriate size for memory
      • Run-time efficiency - speed
      • Weight efficiency
      • Cost efficiency
    • Reactive and Real-time: systems must swiftly respond to environmental changes without delay

    Advantages and Disadvantages

    • Advantages:*
    • Easily Customizable
    • Low Power Consumption
    • Low Cost
    • Enhanced Performance
    • Disadvantages:*
    • High Development Effort
    • Longer Time-to-Market

    Embedded System Processors

    • Processors are the core of embedded systems, handling input, processing, and producing output.
    • Embedded systems use both microprocessors and microcontrollers.
    • Types of processors:
      • General-Purpose Processors (GPP): can perform multiple tasks.
      • Microprocessors
      • Microcontrollers
      • Embedded Processors
      • Digital Signal Processors (DSP)
      • Media Processors
      • Application Specific System Processors (ASSPs)
      • Application Specific Instruction Processors (ASIPs)

    Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

    • Microprocessor:*
    • Multitasking capability
    • External memory/I/O ports (variable quantities)
    • Can be expanded
    • Heavier and more expensive
    • Microcontroller:*
    • Single-task oriented
    • Fixed memory/I/O ports (fixed quantities)
    • Built-in components
    • Lightweight and less expensive

    Identifying Embedded Systems Applications

    • System integration (including sensors, actuators, etc.)
    • Energy conversion devices (converting power types)
    • Producing controlled output (based on inputs)
    • Creating systems capable of being intelligent (more capable, versatile, and robust)

    Appropriate use of Microcontrollers

    • When more intelligence and/or complex tasks are required
    • When discrete component costs are higher
    • When a variety of sensors/actuators need integration
    • When communicating with other devices is required

    Example: SawStop System

    • A safety system for table saws.
    • Using sensors it detects contact with the wood blade, preventing finger injury.
    • Organic bodies are conductive, and softer than wood. This information is used to design the sensor signal to activate the brake system

    Controller Hardware

    • Include computers (analog or digital), microcontrollers, communication circuits, and other user interface devices.

    Controller Software

    • Employing programming languages such as C/C++, Arduino IDE (for basic functions) and Assembly language is used where faster operation is required.

    Arduino

    • Arduino environment is designed to be accessible to beginners
    • It enables creation of interactive systems, including musical instruments, robots, light sculptures, games and more.

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    Related Documents

    Embedded Systems Introduction PowerPoint PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on embedded systems with this quiz that explores their components, functionalities, and various examples. Understand how hardware and software interact within different applications and systems. Ideal for those studying electronics and computer engineering.

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