Embedded Systems Introduction

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the define statement in MASM?

To allocate storage in data segment (correct)

To specify the origin address in memory

To instruct the computer to perform a specific operation

To specify the addressing mode of an instruction

What does the ORG pseudo-op do in MASM?

It is used to allocate storage in data segment

It tells MASM to reach the required offset address (correct)

It is used to multiple the store of the same value in memory

It specifies the addressing mode of an instruction

What is the function of the Op code field in an instruction?

It specifies the operation to be performed (correct)

It specifies the mode field of an instruction

It specifies the addressing mode of an instruction

It specifies the address of the operand

What is the purpose of the mode field in an instruction?

It specifies the addressing mode of an instruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Immediate addressing mode?

The operand itself is specified in the instruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Indirect addressing mode?

The address field of the instruction specifies the address of a pointer to the operand Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the DUP pseudo-op in MASM?

It is used to multiple the store of the same value in memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the instruction code format composed of?

Mode field, Op code field, and Address field Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an embedded system?

It is a microcontroller based system designed to perform a specific task Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a microcontroller in an embedded system?

To control all the operations required from the system Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an embedded system?

A mobile phone Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of embedded systems?

Medical equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is a component of an embedded system?

Sensor, microcontroller, memory, and actuator Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an embedded system and a personal computer?

An embedded system is a microcontroller based system, while a personal computer is a microprocessor based system Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an instruction category in PC Assembly Language?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a control instruction in PC Assembly Language?

JMP Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Embedded Systems

A system is a set of components that follow a set of rules to achieve a specific task, and if one part fails, the system will stop working.
An embedded system (ES) is a computer hardware system with software embedded in it, consisting of components like CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O Ports, and Timers on a single chip.
ES can be an independent system or part of a large system, designed to perform a specific task, such as a fire alarm that senses only smoke.

Applications of Embedded Systems

Medical equipment
Home devices (digital alarm, air conditioner, washing machines)
Automobiles (lighting system, door locks, air bags, anti-stealing alarms)
Industrial control (robots, control system)
Traffic lights
Mobile phones

Components of Embedded Systems

Sensor
Microcontroller
Memory
Actuator (motor)
Microcontroller is the most important part, controlling all operations required from it.

Embedded System Designer

Must have knowledge of both microprocessors and microcontrollers.
Note: An embedded system is a microcontroller-based system (special purpose), while a personal computer (PC) is a microprocessor-based system (general purpose).

Instruction Categories

Arithmetic, logic, and shift instructions (INC, DEC, ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, AND, OR, XOR, SHR, SHL)
Instructions for moving information to and from memory and processor registers (MOV, LDA, STA, PUSH, POP)
Control instructions (JMP, JZ, JNZ, SKI, SKO, CALL, RET)
Input/output (I/O) instructions (INP, OUT)

Directives (Pseudo-ops)

Define statement: allocates storage in data segment (DB, DW, DD)
DUP (…) pseudo-op: multiplies the store of the same value in memory (data segment)
ORG (origin) pseudo-op: tells MASM to reach the required offset address

Computer Instruction

Is a binary code that specifies a sequence of micro-operations for the computer
Is organized according to a certain instruction format

Instruction Format

Op code field: specifies the operation (add, sub, mul, shift, complement, …)
Address field: specifies the addresses of processor registers or memory words
Mode field: specifies the way the operand or the effective address is determined

Addressing Modes

Implied addressing mode: address of the operands are specified implicitly in the instruction
Immediate addressing mode: operand itself is specified, no need to specify address
Direct addressing mode: instruction specifies the memory address used directly to physical memory
Indirect addressing mode: address field specifies the address of a memory location that contains the address of the operand

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Learn about the basics of embedded systems, including their components and how they work together to perform a specific function. Discover how an embedded system is a computer hardware system with software embedded in it.