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Embedded Systems Basics
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Embedded Systems Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the main idea behind general AI?

  • To make a system that can only learn and communicate
  • To make a system that can only reason and solve puzzles
  • To make a system that can perform a specific task perfectly
  • To make a system that can think like a human by its own (correct)
  • What is the current status of general AI systems?

  • Only available for commercial use
  • Fully developed and available for use
  • Abandoned due to lack of progress
  • Still under research and development (correct)
  • What is Super AI?

  • A type of general AI that is still a hypothetical concept (correct)
  • A type of general AI that is already developed
  • A type of general AI that can only reason
  • A type of general AI that can only think
  • What is a characteristic of strong AI?

    <p>Ability to think and reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a reactive machine?

    <p>Google's AlphaGo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of limited memory machines?

    <p>Ability to store past experiences or data for a short period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a limited memory system?

    <p>Self-driving cars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between general AI and Super AI?

    <p>Super AI is hypothetical, while general AI is already developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Computational model?

    <p>Reflecting the 'how' of the results obtained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the GPS and ELIZA?

    <p>GPS focuses on the reasoning process, whereas ELIZA focuses on behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the script used in ELIZA?

    <p>DOCTOR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Behaviorist approach?

    <p>To produce human-like behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the person who coded ELIZA?

    <p>Joel Weizenbaum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the core components of AI derived from?

    <p>Logic, cognition, and computation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between UDP and higher-level protocols?

    <p>Higher-level protocols provide guaranteed delivery, UDP does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of port numbers in application layer protocols?

    <p>To enable process-to-process connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of HTTP?

    <p>It is a stateless protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of COAP?

    <p>For machine-to-machine applications in constrained environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between COAP and HTTP?

    <p>COAP is used for machine-to-machine applications, HTTP is used for human interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of URIs in HTTP?

    <p>To identify HTTP resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the request-response model used in HTTP?

    <p>A client sends requests to a server using HTTP commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between COAP and HTTP?

    <p>COAP is designed to easily interface with HTTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a module that contains few or all the peripherals inside it?

    <p>System On Chip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following domains are embedded systems used?

    <p>Consumer electronics and home automation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an ECG machine?

    <p>To monitor the heartbeat of a patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of data collection in an embedded system?

    <p>To analyze and manipulate data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the transmission of data through wireless media such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi?

    <p>Wireless communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of data processing in an embedded system?

    <p>To analyze and manipulate data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the data collected from the outside world using sensors?

    <p>Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an embedded system in a banking application?

    <p>To process transactions and store data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of facial recognition software used by the police?

    <p>To recognize the face of a criminal with a stored portrait made by a forensic artist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of speech recognition systems?

    <p>They can handle different accents and slang words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of handwriting recognition software?

    <p>To recognize the shapes of letters and convert handwritten text into editable text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables intelligent robots to perform tasks given by humans?

    <p>Their efficient processors, multiple sensors, and huge memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of machine learning?

    <p>To recognize and understand input data and make wise decisions based on the supplied data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in machine learning?

    <p>Catering to all possible inputs and making decisions based on them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to develop machine learning algorithms?

    <p>The principles of statistics, probability theory, logic, combinatorial optimization, search, reinforcement learning, and control theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of intelligent robots?

    <p>Their ability to learn from their mistakes and adapt to new environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cognitive Computing

    • The Computational model should reflect “how” results were obtained, not just producing human-like behavior.
    • GPS (General Problem Solver) aims to produce a sequence of steps of the reasoning process similar to a person solving the same task.

    Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    • The core components of AI are derived from logic, cognition, and computation, including knowledge, reasoning, search, natural language processing, and vision.
    • General AI aims to make a system that can think like a human by itself, but currently, no such system exists that can perform tasks as perfectly as a human.
    • Researchers are focused on developing machines with General AI, but it requires significant efforts and time.

    Types of AI

    • Super AI: A hypothetical concept where machines surpass human intelligence, performing tasks better than humans with cognitive properties like thinking, reasoning, solving puzzles, making judgments, planning, learning, and communicating.
    • Type 1: Reactive Machines (e.g., IBM's Deep Blue, Google's AlphaGo) - purely reactive, do not store memories, and only focus on current scenarios.
    • Type 2: Limited Memory Machines (e.g., self-driving cars) - store past experiences or data for a short period, using stored data for a limited time.

    Machine Learning and Deep Learning

    • Machine learning is a branch of science that deals with programming systems to automatically learn and improve with experience.
    • It is difficult to cater to all decisions based on all possible inputs, so algorithms are developed to build knowledge from specific data and past experience.

    Embedded Systems

    • Embedded systems are used in various domains, including consumer electronics, home automation, telecommunications, automotive industries, healthcare, control and instrumentation, and banking applications.
    • Purpose of embedded systems: data collection, storage, representation, communication, processing, and monitoring performance.

    Communication Protocols

    • Application Layer Protocols define how applications interface with lower layer protocols to send data over the network.
    • Examples of application layer protocols include HTTP, COAP, and others.
    • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) forms the foundation of the World Wide Web, using a request-response model where clients send requests to servers using HTTP commands.
    • COAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is designed for machine-to-machine applications, running on top of UDP, and is used in constrained environments with constrained devices and networks.

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    Description

    Learn about the fundamentals of embedded systems, including System on Chip (SOC) and their applications in various domains such as consumer electronics, telecommunication, and healthcare.

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