Embedded Systems Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the main idea behind general AI?

To make a system that can only learn and communicate

To make a system that can only reason and solve puzzles

To make a system that can perform a specific task perfectly

To make a system that can think like a human by its own (correct)

What is the current status of general AI systems?

Only available for commercial use

Fully developed and available for use

Abandoned due to lack of progress

Still under research and development (correct)

What is Super AI?

A type of general AI that is still a hypothetical concept (correct)

A type of general AI that is already developed

A type of general AI that can only reason

A type of general AI that can only think

What is a characteristic of strong AI?

Ability to think and reason Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a reactive machine?

Google's AlphaGo Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of limited memory machines?

Ability to store past experiences or data for a short period of time Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a limited memory system?

Self-driving cars Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between general AI and Super AI?

Super AI is hypothetical, while general AI is already developed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Computational model?

Reflecting the 'how' of the results obtained Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the GPS and ELIZA?

GPS focuses on the reasoning process, whereas ELIZA focuses on behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the script used in ELIZA?

DOCTOR Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Behaviorist approach?

To produce human-like behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the person who coded ELIZA?

Joel Weizenbaum Signup and view all the answers

What are the core components of AI derived from?

Logic, cognition, and computation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between UDP and higher-level protocols?

Higher-level protocols provide guaranteed delivery, UDP does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of port numbers in application layer protocols?

To enable process-to-process connections Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of HTTP?

It is a stateless protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of COAP?

For machine-to-machine applications in constrained environments Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between COAP and HTTP?

COAP is used for machine-to-machine applications, HTTP is used for human interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of URIs in HTTP?

To identify HTTP resources Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the request-response model used in HTTP?

A client sends requests to a server using HTTP commands Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between COAP and HTTP?

COAP is designed to easily interface with HTTP Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a module that contains few or all the peripherals inside it?

System On Chip Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following domains are embedded systems used?

Consumer electronics and home automation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an ECG machine?

To monitor the heartbeat of a patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of data collection in an embedded system?

To analyze and manipulate data Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the transmission of data through wireless media such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi?

Wireless communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of data processing in an embedded system?

To analyze and manipulate data Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the data collected from the outside world using sensors?

Information Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an embedded system in a banking application?

To process transactions and store data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of facial recognition software used by the police?

To recognize the face of a criminal with a stored portrait made by a forensic artist Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of speech recognition systems?

They can handle different accents and slang words Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of handwriting recognition software?

To recognize the shapes of letters and convert handwritten text into editable text Signup and view all the answers

What enables intelligent robots to perform tasks given by humans?

Their efficient processors, multiple sensors, and huge memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of machine learning?

To recognize and understand input data and make wise decisions based on the supplied data Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in machine learning?

Catering to all possible inputs and making decisions based on them Signup and view all the answers

What is used to develop machine learning algorithms?

The principles of statistics, probability theory, logic, combinatorial optimization, search, reinforcement learning, and control theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of intelligent robots?

Their ability to learn from their mistakes and adapt to new environments Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cognitive Computing

The Computational model should reflect “how” results were obtained, not just producing human-like behavior.
GPS (General Problem Solver) aims to produce a sequence of steps of the reasoning process similar to a person solving the same task.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The core components of AI are derived from logic, cognition, and computation, including knowledge, reasoning, search, natural language processing, and vision.
General AI aims to make a system that can think like a human by itself, but currently, no such system exists that can perform tasks as perfectly as a human.
Researchers are focused on developing machines with General AI, but it requires significant efforts and time.

Types of AI

Super AI: A hypothetical concept where machines surpass human intelligence, performing tasks better than humans with cognitive properties like thinking, reasoning, solving puzzles, making judgments, planning, learning, and communicating.
Type 1: Reactive Machines (e.g., IBM's Deep Blue, Google's AlphaGo) - purely reactive, do not store memories, and only focus on current scenarios.
Type 2: Limited Memory Machines (e.g., self-driving cars) - store past experiences or data for a short period, using stored data for a limited time.

Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Machine learning is a branch of science that deals with programming systems to automatically learn and improve with experience.
It is difficult to cater to all decisions based on all possible inputs, so algorithms are developed to build knowledge from specific data and past experience.