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Embedded Systems: Atmega328P Microcontroller
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Embedded Systems: Atmega328P Microcontroller

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the Status Register (SREG) in the context of Mega AVR devices?

  • Managing data memory addresses
  • Executing arithmetic operations
  • Enabling global interrupts (correct)
  • Storing temporary data
  • Which register can be used as an address pointer to read from and/or write to flash program memory in Mega AVR devices?

  • X register
  • Stack Pointer (SP)
  • Z register (correct)
  • Status Register (SREG)
  • What is the primary function of the Stack Pointer (SP) in Mega AVR devices?

  • Managing data memory addresses
  • Executing arithmetic operations
  • Enabling global interrupts
  • Storing return addresses (correct)
  • How is the Stack organized in terms of memory locations?

    <p>It grows from higher to lower memory locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flag must be set to 1 in the Status Register (SREG) to enable interrupts in Mega AVR devices?

    <p>(I): Global Interrupt Enable flag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registers can form 16-bit address pointers for addressing data memory in Mega AVR devices?

    <p>Only X, Y, and Z registers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the Status Register (SREG) contain?

    <p>Global interrupt status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atmel ATmega328P Microcontroller

    • 8-bit Atmel ATmega328/P microcontroller used in ARDUINO UNO R3 Board
    • Introduced in 1996, adopts a modified Harvard architecture
    • Program and data stored in separate physical memory address spaces, but can read data from program memory using special instructions

    AVR CPU

    • AVR family of microcontrollers divided into four subgroups: Tiny AVR, Mega AVR, XMega AVR, and Application-specific AVR
    • AVR CPU based on Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architecture
    • Single cycle execution, 32 general purpose registers

    ATmega328P Features

    • Low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller
    • 28/32 pins
    • CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
    • RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architecture

    Endianness

    • Little-endian: least significant byte of data is placed at byte with lowest address
    • Big-endian: most significant byte of data is placed at byte with lowest address

    Packages

    • Different ATMega328 packages: Micro Leadframe or Quad-flat no-leads (MLF/VQFN), Quad-flat Package (TQFP), Dual in-line Package (DIP)

    Pin Descriptions

    • Pin descriptions available on Atmel ATmega328/P pages 17-20

    AVR CPU Core

    • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs arithmetic operations between registers or between a register and an immediate
    • 32 general purpose registers (R0-R31) directly connected to ALU
    • 8-bit Status Register (SREG) stores information about the result of the most recently executed arithmetic instruction
    • Program Counter (PC) and Instruction Register
    • Instruction Decoder and Stack Pointer (SP)

    ALU Operations

    • Divided into three main categories: Arithmetic, Logical, and Bit-functions
    • Some implementations of ALU provide a powerful multiplier supporting both signed/unsigned multiplication and fractional format

    AVR CPU Registers

    • 32 general-purpose registers with single clock cycle access time
    • Six of the 32 registers can form 16-bit address pointers (X, Y, and Z pointers) for addressing data memory
    • Z register can also be used as an address pointer to read from and/or write to the flash program memory, signature rows, fuses, and lock bits

    Status Register (SREG)

    • Contains information about the result of the most recently executed arithmetic instruction
    • Bit 7 (I): Global Interrupt Enable, must be set to 1 to enable interrupts, cleared to 0 to disable interrupts

    AVR Stack Pointer (SP)

    • Address of the Stack area where the interrupts and subroutine Stacks are located
    • SP points to the data SRAM Stack area
    • The Stack grows from higher to lower memory locations
    • SP is implemented as two 8-bit registers

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    Related Documents

    CENG328_LN04 - Copy.pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the Atmel ATmega328P microcontroller, including its CPU, instructions, memory model, addressing modes, and relation to Arduino UNO R3 board. This quiz aligns with CLO 2 of the Introduction to Embedded Systems course by Dr.Abdulmalik Alwarafy for Spring 2024.

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