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Hardware timers are used for timing and counting operations, allowing the processor to carry on with some other process while the timer process runs Software Timer allows you to execute a function sometime in the future. To make use of this feature, you will need to: Create a software timer. Define the software timer's callback function 2 Structure of Hardware Timer -______ -count-up timer counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3 Usage of TIMERS 1 Real Time Clock (RTC) for the system 2 Initiating an Event after a preset time delay 3 Initiating an Event after a comparison of preset times 4 Capturing the count value in timer on an event 5 Finding time interval between two events 6 Watchdog timer 7 Baud/telecommunication rate control for Serial communication 8 Scheduling of various tasks in RTOS 9 Time slicing of various tasks 10 Time division multiplexing 13/4/2009 4 Programming Embedded Systems in Assy & C Assembly C, C++ 1. Full use of processor specific instructions. 1.
Hardware timers are used for timing and counting operations, allowing the processor to carry on with some other process while the timer process runs Software Timer allows you to execute a function sometime in the future. To make use of this feature, you will need to: Create a software timer. Define the software timer's callback function 2 Structure of Hardware Timer -______ -count-up timer counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3 Usage of TIMERS 1 Real Time Clock (RTC) for the system 2 Initiating an Event after a preset time delay 3 Initiating an Event after a comparison of preset times 4 Capturing the count value in timer on an event 5 Finding time interval between two events 6 Watchdog timer 7 Baud/telecommunication rate control for Serial communication 8 Scheduling of various tasks in RTOS 9 Time slicing of various tasks 10 Time division multiplexing 13/4/2009 4 Programming Embedded Systems in Assy & C Assembly C, C++ 1. Full use of processor specific instructions. 1.
The pre-scaler splits the clock signals used for the timer, reducing overflow rates. The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip;
The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip; -______ counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3
The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip; -______ counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3
count-up timer
The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip; -count-up timer counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -______ is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3
The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip; -count-up timer counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -______ is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3
countdown timer
Usage of TIMERS 1 Real Time Clock (RTC) for the system 2 Initiating an Event after a preset time delay 3 Initiating an Event after a comparison of preset times 4 Capturing the count value in timer on an event 5 Finding time interval between two events 6 ______ 7 Baud/telecommunication rate control for Serial communication 8 Scheduling of various tasks in RTOS 9 Time slicing of various tasks 10 Time division multiplexing 13/4/2009 4
Usage of TIMERS 1 Real Time Clock (RTC) for the system 2 Initiating an Event after a preset time delay 3 Initiating an Event after a comparison of preset times 4 Capturing the count value in timer on an event 5 Finding time interval between two events 6 ______ 7 Baud/telecommunication rate control for Serial communication 8 Scheduling of various tasks in RTOS 9 Time slicing of various tasks 10 Time division multiplexing 13/4/2009 4
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Programming Embedded Systems in Assy & C ______ C, C++ 1. Full use of processor specific instructions. 1.
Programming Embedded Systems in Assy & C ______ C, C++ 1. Full use of processor specific instructions. 1.
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The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip; -______ counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3
The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip; -______ counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3
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______ is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3
______ is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer. 3
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Usage of TIMERS 1 Real Time Clock (RTC) for the system 2 Initiating an Event after a preset time delay 3 Initiating an Event after a comparison of preset times 4 Capturing the count value in timer on an event 5 Finding time interval between two events 6 ______ 7 Baud/telecommunication rate control for Serial communication 8 Scheduling of various tasks in RTOS 9 Time slicing of various tasks 10 Time division multiplexing 13/4/2009 4
Usage of TIMERS 1 Real Time Clock (RTC) for the system 2 Initiating an Event after a preset time delay 3 Initiating an Event after a comparison of preset times 4 Capturing the count value in timer on an event 5 Finding time interval between two events 6 ______ 7 Baud/telecommunication rate control for Serial communication 8 Scheduling of various tasks in RTOS 9 Time slicing of various tasks 10 Time division multiplexing 13/4/2009 4
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Types of I/O Devices - Device I/O Types and Examples – Synchronous - Isosynchronous – Asynchronous Communications from Serial Devices - Examples of Internal Serial-Communication – Devices - UART and HDLC – – Parallel Port Devices – Timer and Counting Devices ‗USB advanced I/O Serial high speed buses- ISA, PCI, PCI-X, cPCI and advanced buses.
Types of I/O Devices - Device I/O Types and Examples – Synchronous - Isosynchronous – Asynchronous Communications from Serial Devices - Examples of Internal Serial-Communication – Devices - UART and HDLC – – Parallel Port Devices – Timer and Counting Devices ‗USB advanced I/O Serial high speed buses- ISA, PCI, PCI-X, cPCI and advanced buses.
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In UART communication, two UARTs communicate directly with each other. Only two wires are needed to transmit data between two UARTs. Data flows from the Tx pin of the transmitting UART to the Rx pin of the receiving. --Full Duplex mode --Peer to Peer --Used to: 1-Make a communication channel between our microcontroller and our computer. 2-talk to most sensors or chips , the most used ones are serial backpacks for lcd’s and GPS modules that almost always have a serial interface.
In UART communication, two UARTs communicate directly with each other. Only two wires are needed to transmit data between two UARTs. Data flows from the Tx pin of the transmitting UART to the Rx pin of the receiving. --Full Duplex mode --Peer to Peer --Used to: 1-Make a communication channel between our microcontroller and our computer. 2-talk to most sensors or chips , the most used ones are serial backpacks for lcd’s and GPS modules that almost always have a serial interface.
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HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) is a group of protocols or rules for transmitting data between board points In HDLC, data is organized into a unit (called a frame) and sent across a network to a destination that verifies its successful arrival.
HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) is a group of protocols or rules for transmitting data between board points In HDLC, data is organized into a unit (called a frame) and sent across a network to a destination that verifies its successful arrival.
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Structure of Hardware Timer -The pre-scaler splits the clock signals used for the timer, reducing overflow rates. The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip; -count-up timer counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer.
Structure of Hardware Timer -The pre-scaler splits the clock signals used for the timer, reducing overflow rates. The rate can be set to several possible values. The exact values depend on the chip; -count-up timer counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer.
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Hardware timers are used for timing and counting operations, allowing the processor to carry on with some other process while the timer process runs Software Timer allows you to execute a function sometime in the future. To make use of this feature, you will need to: Create a software timer. Define the software timer's callback function 2 Structure of Hardware Timer -______ -count-up timer counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer.
Hardware timers are used for timing and counting operations, allowing the processor to carry on with some other process while the timer process runs Software Timer allows you to execute a function sometime in the future. To make use of this feature, you will need to: Create a software timer. Define the software timer's callback function 2 Structure of Hardware Timer -______ -count-up timer counts up from a past event, say, an important event of your systemic-life. -countdown timer is a virtual clock on a landing page that counts down from a certain number or date to indicate the beginning or end of an event or offer.
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Study Notes
Hardware and Software Timers
- Hardware timers enable timing and counting operations, freeing the processor for other tasks.
- Software timers allow functions to be executed at a future time, requiring creation of the timer and defining its callback function.
Types of Timers
- Count-Up Timer: Increments from a past event, used for tracking elapsed time since that event.
- Countdown Timer: A virtual clock that counts down to signify the start or end of an event or offer.
Timer Usage
- Real Time Clock (RTC) for system timekeeping.
- Initiation of events after a preset time delay.
- Triggering events based on comparisons of preset times.
- Capturing timer count values upon specific events.
- Measurement of time intervals between events.
- Watchdog Timer: Monitors system operations to reset the processor in case of failure.
- Controls baud rate for serial communication.
- Schedules various tasks in Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS).
- Implements time slicing for multiple task sharing in environments.
- Facilitates time division multiplexing for efficiency in communication.
Programming with Timers
- Embedded system programming can utilize assembly language and C/C++.
- Full utilization of processor-specific instructions enhances timer functionality.
- Timer rates can be set to multiple possible values, dependent on the specific chip architecture.
I/O Device Communication Types
- Synchronous Communications: Devices communicate at fixed timing.
- Isosynchronous Communications: Consistent timing with some flexibility.
- Asynchronous Communications: Independent timing for device communication.
Serial Communication
-
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter):
- Requires only two wires for data transmission, enhancing direct communication between devices.
- Operates in full duplex mode, allowing simultaneous data transmission and reception.
- Commonly used to interface microcontrollers with computers and various sensors (e.g., LCDs, GPS modules).
-
HDLC (High-level Data Link Control):
- A protocol for organizing data into frames for reliable transmission across networks.
- Ensures the successful delivery of data through verification at the destination.
Hardware Timer Structure
- The pre-scaler reduces clock signal rates for timers, minimizing overflow.
- Timer settings, both countdown and count-up, can vary based on the chip capabilities and design.
Advanced I/O Devices
- Incorporation of advanced serial communication buses (ISA, PCI, PCI-X, cPCI) to improve high-speed data transfer capabilities.
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Description
Test your knowledge of embedded system timers with this quiz. Learn about the basic aspects of designing embedded systems and the different types of timers used, including hardware and software timers. Explore the structure of hardware timers and how software timers allow for delayed function execution.
