Questions and Answers
What did Alexander II and Nicholas I share the conviction of?
That American slavery was inhumane.
What was serfdom not technically?
Slavery.
What was based on land?
Lord and Serf.
When did the Russian system date back to?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the nobles to express?
Signup and view all the answers
When did Russia enter the Crimean War?
Signup and view all the answers
How many years later did it suffer a heavy defeat?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the impact of this on the Russian Empire?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was unable to save Russia from military failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the symbol of Russia's worth?
Signup and view all the answers
In which year of his reign was Alexander determined on emancipation?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the emancipation show about the power of the Tsar?
Signup and view all the answers
When was the document of emancipation finally presented?
Signup and view all the answers
How many separate measures were there?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the basic aim of emancipation?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the serfs get the leftovers of?
Signup and view all the answers
How many thirds did the landowners retain?
Signup and view all the answers
How many thirds did the peasants receive?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the peasants reduced to buying?
Signup and view all the answers
What did this prove difficult to do?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of mortgages were landowners advanced?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of these mortgages were provided by the State Bank?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage was by the landlords?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the redemption payments become for the peasants?
Signup and view all the answers
The mir would also be controlling?
Signup and view all the answers
Instead of being tied to the land what was the peasant now tied to?
Signup and view all the answers
Between which years was there 712 peasant uprisings?
Signup and view all the answers
What comparable social change happened in 1865?
Signup and view all the answers
Because the emancipation was an overall failure, what does this tend to suggest about Alexander II and his government?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the Romanov's always do when their plans did not work out or become difficult to achieve?
Signup and view all the answers
What did emancipation intend to give Russia?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the emancipation actually achieve?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the emancipation an outstanding example of?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Russia's population double to during the second half of the 19th century?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Emancipation of Russian Serfs, 1861
- Alexander II and Nicholas I believed that American slavery was inhumane.
- Serfdom in Russia was not classified as slavery but involved a different system based on land.
- The Russian serf system originated in 1649.
- Nobles were expected to demonstrate loyalty to the Tsar, serving as military officers or public officials.
- Russia entered the Crimean War in 1854, experiencing a significant military defeat two years later.
- This defeat caused profound shock within the Russian Empire and highlighted the army as its symbol of worth.
- Alexander II was determined to implement emancipation in the second year of his reign.
- The 1861 emancipation document underscored the Tsar's absolute power.
- The emancipation reforms consisted of 22 separate measures aimed at addressing the needs of serfs and landowners alike.
- Land distribution resulted in serfs receiving one-third of the land, while landowners retained two-thirds.
- Serfs were left with narrow strips of land, complicating their ability to maintain yield and profit.
- 100% of mortgages advanced to landowners were a burden on peasants, with the State Bank providing 80% and landlords 20%.
- Redemption payments imposed lifelong financial burdens on peasants, often passed on to future generations.
- The mir system became essential in maintaining order in rural areas, with peasants now tied to their villages rather than specific plots of land.
- Between 1826 and 1854, there were 712 peasant uprisings, reflecting significant unrest.
- A notable social parallel was the emancipation of slaves in America by President Lincoln in 1865.
- The overall failure of emancipation suggests Alexander II and his government may have deliberately betrayed the peasants' hopes.
- When faced with challenges, the Romanovs typically abandoned reforms in favor of coercion and repression.
- Emancipation aimed to foster economic and social stability, paving the way for industrial and commercial growth in Russia.
- The actual outcome disappointed both privileged classes and progressives, revealing Tsarist ineptitude.
- Russia's population doubled to 125 million in the latter half of the 19th century, reflecting demographic shifts during this period.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the significant reforms of Alexander II in 1861 that aimed to emancipate Russian serfs. This quiz examines the historical context, key figures, and the implications of the serfdom system in Russia. Test your knowledge on how these changes reshaped Russian society and governance.
