40 Questions
Which type of diabetes is more prevalent in older adults?
Type 2 diabetes
What are some contributing factors to the development of Type 2 diabetes?
Genetic factors
Which of the following is a symptom of Type 1 diabetes?
Excessive thirst
What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus based on fasting plasma glucose level?
≥126 mg/dL
Which type of diabetes is typically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Type 1 diabetes
What is the primary treatment recommendation for managing Type 2 diabetes?
Lifestyle modifications
Which of the following is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
Previous history of GDM
What is the role of insulin in Type 2 diabetes?
The body becomes resistant to insulin
What is the most common form of diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes
What is the average duration of blood sugar levels measured by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)?
2-3 months
Which of the following is a symptom of hyperglycemia?
Polyuria
What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose?
70-105 mg/dL
What is the primary treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
Insulin therapy
What is the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes compared to Type 2 diabetes?
5-10% of all diagnosed cases
What is the etiology of Type 1 diabetes?
Autoimmune condition
What can happen if Type 1 diabetes is left untreated or poorly managed?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
What is the effect of Type 1 diabetes on body weight?
Normal or lower body weight
Which of the following is a symptom of hypoglycemia?
Fatigue
What is the cause of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?
Disorder in glucose metabolism
What is the effect of hyperglycemia on fasting blood glucose levels?
105 mg/dL
What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose?
70 to 105 mg/dL
What are the general symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
Weight loss, blurred vision, fatigue
What is the etiology of Type 1 diabetes?
Decrease or absence of insulin secretion
What is the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes compared to Type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent than Type 1 diabetes
What is the effect of Type 1 diabetes on body weight?
Decreased body weight
What is the primary treatment recommendation for managing Type 1 diabetes?
Insulin therapy
What can happen if Type 1 diabetes is left untreated or poorly managed?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Which type of diabetes is typically associated with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Type 1 diabetes
What is the cause of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?
Abnormality in glucose metabolism
What is the effect of hyperglycemia on fasting blood glucose levels?
Increases fasting blood glucose levels
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?
Having a family history of diabetes
Which of the following is a symptom of Type 2 diabetes?
Blurred vision
What is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance
Which of the following is a symptom of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
Slow wound healing
What is the primary treatment recommendation for managing Type 2 diabetes?
Weight loss
What is the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes compared to Type 1 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent
What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level?
HbA1c level ≥6.5%
Which of the following is a potential complication of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
Preeclampsia
What is the effect of Type 2 diabetes on body weight?
Weight gain
What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?
Insulin resistance
Study Notes
Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Symptoms, and Diagnostic Criteria
- Hyperglycemia is defined as fasting blood glucose levels above 105 mg/dL, while hypoglycemia is defined as fasting blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL.
- Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that results in hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in glucose metabolism.
- Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It accounts for 5-10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
- People with Type 1 diabetes have an absolute deficiency of insulin and require daily insulin injections or use an insulin pump to manage their blood sugar levels.
- Type 1 diabetes can lead to a life-threatening condition called Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) if left untreated or poorly managed.
- Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. It accounts for 90-95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
- Initially, individuals with Type 2 diabetes may have sufficient or even higher levels of insulin, but their body's cells do not respond effectively to it (insulin resistance).
- Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in older adults but can also occur in younger individuals, particularly due to rising rates of obesity.
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) refers to diabetes that develops during pregnancy and shares similarities with Type 2 diabetes. It usually resolves after childbirth.
- GDM can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby, including preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, gestational hypertension, and larger-than-average birth weight.
- The diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus include fasting plasma glucose levels ≥126 mg/dL, random plasma glucose levels ≥200 mg/dL in the presence of diabetes symptoms, or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels ≥6.5%.
- Common symptoms of diabetes mellitus include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing, and frequent infections.
Test your knowledge on hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus with this quiz. Learn about the causes of diabetes mellitus, including insulin secretion abnormalities and insulin resistance. Understand the difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Challenge yourself to remember the normal fasting blood glucose levels and enhance your understanding of glucose metabolism disorders.
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