ELT Approaches and Methods Quiz

ELT Approaches and Methods

• Approaches: Describe the underlying theory or philosophy of how a language should be taught. General terms for implementing the approach (syllabus, progression, kinds of materials).
• Methods: Describe, in general terms, ways of implementing the approach.
• Techniques: Describe specific, practical classroom tasks and activities related to the approach.
• Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): Emphasizes communication. Aims to develop learners' communicative competence through real-world situations. Techniques often included are role-plays, discussions, text ordering, speaking games, and problem-solving activities.
• Audiolingual Approach: Based on structuralism and behaviorism. Focuses on stimulus-response learning. Method utilizes increasingly complex language structures through listening and repeating. Common techniques include listening and repeating, oral drilling for accuracy.
• Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL): Combines learning a specific subject matter with learning the target language. Aims for intercultural understanding, meaningful language use, and transferable skills. Techniques include reading subject-specific texts, listening to audio/visual resources, discussions, and related tasks. The approach is based on immersion, integrating all four language skills based on the subject matter being taught.
• DOGME: A humanistic, communicative approach. Focuses on conversational interactions between teachers and learners to develop knowledge and skills. The method minimizes textbooks and published materials in favor of real communication and discourse-level skill development. Key techniques include conversational activities, exposure to real-life texts (audio/video).
• Grammar Translation: Aims to prepare students for reading in the original language (e.g., Latin). Focuses on grammar rules and vocabulary lists related to chosen texts. Techniques involve rote learning, drilling, translation activities, and recitation. Emphasizes reading, with limited speaking; translation of texts from and into the target language.
• Lexical Approach: Focuses on lexical units (chunks, collocations). Learning through chunks is prioritized over formal grammar. Suitable techniques include searching texts for lexical units, collocation matching games, lexical drills and chants, story-telling, role play with fixed expressions, activities with de-lexical verbs.
• Natural Approach: Mirrors how first language is learned. Focuses on acquisition (rather than learning). Emphasizes a silent period where learners assimilate the language before producing it. Errors are seen as important parts of the learning process; Techniques include listening and following instructions, ordering activities, memory games, miming and describing/guessing games.
• Situational Language Teaching (SLT): Views language as purposeful, connected to real-life situations. Aims to develop sentence patterns, structures related to specific situations using props and realia. Emphasizes oral practice; common techniques are drills, repetition, substitution activities, dialogues, and situational role-plays. Oral practice leads to language mastery.