Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Life and Works

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Questions and Answers

Where did Elizabeth Barrett Browning settle after moving to Italy?

  • Venice
  • Rome
  • Florence
  • Casa Guidi (correct)

Which collection of poems by Elizabeth Barrett Browning showcases various voices and styles?

  • Poems, by Elizabeth Barrett Browning (correct)
  • The Cry of the Children
  • Sonnets from the Portuguese
  • The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point

What unconventional techniques did Elizabeth Barrett Browning use in her poetry?

  • Standardized rhythms
  • Only traditional rhymes
  • Logical sequences of themes
  • Partial rhymes and made-up words (correct)

In which year was the collection that included 'Sonnets from the Portuguese' published?

<p>1850 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What central theme is depicted in the poem 'The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point'?

<p>Racial violence and despair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the public react to Elizabeth Barrett Browning's creative writing choices in the 1840s and 1850s?

<p>They expressed a range of reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal issue does 'The Cry of the Children' address?

<p>Child labor conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feelings does the series 'Sonnets from the Portuguese' capture?

<p>Deep passion and hope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant role was Elizabeth Barrett Browning considered for after William Wordsworth's death?

<p>England's poet laureate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused Browning's poetry to fade from public view after her death?

<p>Her works being overshadowed by male poets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key achievements are attributed to Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poetry in the 1960s and 1970s?

<p>Rediscovery through feminist literary criticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Elizabeth Barrett Browning's relationship with her father like?

<p>Strict and harsh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following poems is not attributed to Elizabeth Barrett Browning?

<p>The Prelude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Elizabeth Barrett Browning often misrepresented in popular perception?

<p>As a frail Victorian woman in a romantic story (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inference can be made about Elizabeth Barrett Browning's impact on later women poets?

<p>She became a source of inspiration for future generations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Browning’s poetry did earlier readers find complex?

<p>Deep emotions and political themes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant aspect of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's approach to sonnet writing?

<p>She introduced innovative changes to sonnet conventions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Browning's portrayal of male and female lovers differ from traditional sonnets?

<p>The characters built intimacy instead of longing from afar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the public's initial reaction to Browning's collection, 'Sonnets from the Portuguese'?

<p>People found its personal nature uncomfortable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Elizabeth Barrett Browning to eventually share her poetry with the public?

<p>Robert Browning's encouragement and appreciation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social norms did Browning challenge through her sonnets?

<p>Victorian ideals of women's silence in literature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the early relationship between Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning?

<p>They bonded over his appreciation of her writing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Browning’s response to criticism regarding her sonnets?

<p>She felt encouraged by the challenges to her style. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Browning take before releasing 'Sonnets from the Portuguese'?

<p>She waited for Robert's encouragement to publish. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the collection that significantly increased Elizabeth Barrett Browning's recognition as a poet?

<p>The Seraphim and Other Poems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tragic event deeply affected Elizabeth Barrett Browning, impacting her emotional state for the rest of her life?

<p>The death of her brother Edward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which poem did Elizabeth Barrett Browning write to praise Robert Browning?

<p>Lady Geraldine’s Courtship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition did Elizabeth Barrett Browning suffer from throughout her life?

<p>An unknown condition affecting her back and lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was Elizabeth Barrett Browning's access to literature during her childhood different from that of many girls at the time?

<p>She had free access to her father's library. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did Elizabeth Barrett take upon returning to London in 1841?

<p>She dedicated herself fully to writing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Elizabeth Barrett Browning's father's stance on her marrying?

<p>He had strict rules against his children marrying. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events occurred after Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poetry collection was published in 1844?

<p>She sparked a correspondence with Robert Browning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led Elizabeth Barrett Browning to express her thoughts and feelings more freely?

<p>Robert's kindness and affection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Elizabeth Barrett Browning challenge societal expectations placed on women?

<p>By writing in a male-dominated literary style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metaphor did Elizabeth use to describe her transition from her father's home to her life with Robert?

<p>From a prisoner to a wild bird (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about Elizabeth Barrett Browning's work in the 19th century?

<p>It showcased women's feelings and aspirations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Sonnets from the Portuguese have on her reputation?

<p>It led to her recognition as a heartfelt poet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Elizabeth's decision to write sonnets symbolize in her literary journey?

<p>Her rebellion against societal norms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Elizabeth Barrett Browning's education influence her writing?

<p>It enabled her to write complex sonnets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary emotional context of Sonnets from the Portuguese?

<p>A heartfelt account of love (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key difference exists between Browning's sonnets and traditional Petrarchan sonnets?

<p>Browning's speaker is a woman expressing feelings for a man. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does Browning reflect the struggles of women in her poetry?

<p>By describing her confinement under her father's rules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Browning's portrayal of women differ from traditional literature?

<p>Women are depicted as stronger and take on active roles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important aspect of relationships is highlighted in Browning's sonnets?

<p>The man is portrayed as passive and emotional. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Browning’s last poem refer to regarding her experience as a woman?

<p>The suffocating experience of patriarchal control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the concept of gender roles treated in Browning’s sonnets compared to earlier literature?

<p>They begin to blend male and female traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the emotional journey in Browning's poetry?

<p>It transitions from pain to positive feelings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change in the depiction of love is emphasized throughout Browning's sonnet collection?

<p>Women voice their desires and pursue partnerships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Poems by Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1844)

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's 1844 poetry collection, featuring a diverse range of voices, styles, and themes.

Poems (1850)

A collection of poetry by Elizabeth Barrett Browning published in 1850, including some earlier works and new pieces. Notably, it contains the influential series "Sonnets from the Portuguese."

Sonnets from the Portuguese

A sequence of sonnets written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning for her husband Robert Browning during their courtship. These sonnets explore the passionate journey of love.

Browning's Writing Style

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's writing style, known for its unique combination of techniques such as partial rhymes, varied rhythms, invented words, and unusual word pairings. These bold choices were both admired and criticized in her time.

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"The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point"

A poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning exploring the plight of a slave woman forced to kill her child, born of a horrific act of violence by her master.

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"The Cry of the Children"

A poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning that critiques the harsh working conditions endured by child laborers in British coal mines and factories.

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1840s and 1850s

The period during which Elizabeth Barrett Browning produced some of her most celebrated works, gaining widespread recognition for her poetic talents. This era also saw her experimenting with unconventional writing styles.

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Browning's Influence on Poetry

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's contributions to the development of poetry, influencing later poets and paving the way for modern literature.

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Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Early Life & Tragedy

Elizabeth Barrett Browning was an English poet who wrote prolifically during the Victorian era. She was born into a wealthy family and received an education that was unusual for women. However, she suffered from a health condition that plagued her throughout her life. She also experienced a profound personal tragedy with the drowning of her favorite brother, Edward.

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Literary Recognition: The Seraphim and Other Poems

One of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's early works, The Seraphim and Other Poems (1838), gained considerable recognition in literary circles. This success further established her as a notable poet.

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Relationship with Robert Browning & Secret Marriage

Elizabeth's meeting with Robert Browning, also a poet, marked a turning point in her life. Their connection bloomed from a mutual appreciation of each other's work, which began with his admiration for her poem "Lady Geraldine's Courtship." They exchanged letters daily for an entire year before secretly marrying despite her father's disapproval.

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Subverting Sonnet Tradition

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's sonnets were a departure from the traditional sonnet form with its emphasis on courtly love themes. Her sonnets were deeply personal, focused on her individual love story and the complexities of emotional intimacy.

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Legacy in Victorian Literature

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's work significantly impacted Victorian literature and remains a testament to her talent and ability to express profound emotions through poetry. Her sonnets, especially, continue to resonate with readers today.

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Elizabeth Barrett Browning As A Poet

Elizabeth Barrett Browning was a prolific writer whose life and poetry were intricately intertwined. Her poetry reflected not only her artistic genius but also her personal experiences, struggles, and triumphs. Through her works, she explored themes of love, loss, and the complexities of life.

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Elizabeth Browning's rebellion

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's defiance of societal expectations for women during the Victorian era.

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Elizabeth Browning's choice of the sonnet

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's use of sonnets, a traditionally male-dominated form of poetry, to showcase her intelligence and education.

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Browning's influence on women

The impact of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's work on empowering women in the 19th century through her challenging of societal norms and artistic expression.

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Elizabeth Browning's transformation

The contrast between Elizabeth Barrett Browning's early life under her father's control and her newfound freedom in her relationship with Robert Browning.

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Victorian societal expectations for women

The traditional role of women in the Victorian era, often characterized by limited opportunities and expectations.

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Browning's response to limited opportunities

Elizabeth Browning's writing as a response to the limited opportunities available to women in the world of art and literature.

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Browning's voice for women

Elizabeth Browning's use of poetry to express the unspoken feelings and aspirations of women in the Victorian era.

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Elizabeth Barrett Browning's recognition

Elizabeth Barrett Browning was considered a potential candidate for Poet Laureate of England in 1850, but ultimately didn't get the position. This shows how respected and admired she was during her time.

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Browning's rediscovery

After her death, Browning's work was largely forgotten. It wasn't until the rise of feminist literary criticism in the 1960s and 1970s that her work was rediscovered and celebrated.

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Browning's themes in poetry

Browning's poetry is seen as a powerful voice for women and deals with themes of deep emotions, political issues, and women's experiences, now considered her greatest strengths.

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Browning's contribution to women's poetry

Browning's work is essential for understanding how women poets can find their voice and relate to a tradition that often favored men.

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Browning's poetry beyond romance

Browning's poetry is not just about romanticism, but also shows her dedication to mastering the craft of poetry.

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Sonnets from the Portuguese as a departure

Sonnets from the Portuguese, a collection of love sonnets, is a departure from the traditional sonnet form.

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Browning's upbringing and her sisters

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's upbringing contrasted with her sisters' support, highlighting the strictness she faced from her father.

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Elizabeth Barrett Browning's accomplishments

Elizabeth Barrett Browning was a famous 19th-century poet known for her impactful works, such as Aurora Leigh, Sonnets from the Portuguese, and Catarina to Camoens. She married fellow poet Robert Browning, and both were celebrated for their contributions to literature.

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Subversion of Traditional Gender Roles

A key element in Elizabeth Barrett Browning's sonnets is the subversion of traditional gender roles. Instead of portraying women as submissive and voiceless, she showcases them as active and outspoken. Her sonnets break away from the conventional literary approach where women were often silent and subdued, allowing them to express desire and pursue love with conviction.

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Victorian Society Constraints

The poems in this collection, while addressing traditional love themes, reflect on the restrictions and limitations faced by women in Victorian society. The female speaker talks about living in a patriarchal society, bound by her father's authority. She also voices the feeling of being confined in a literary world dominated by men.

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Transformative Love

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, in this collection, presents the female speaker's love for a man, often described as a passionate and intense experience, almost bordering on death. However, this passion evolves into something more positive, showing the transformation of love from a painful experience to a positive one.

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Unconventional Male Portrayal

The male figure is presented as physically and emotionally younger than the female speaker, challenging conventional poetry roles where men are often portrayed as strong and assertive. Here, the man is more passive and receptive, playing a role typically associated with women.

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Blending Gender Traits

Breaking away from traditional gender roles, Elizabeth Barrett Browning creates a female speaker who blends traditional masculine and feminine traits. This showcases a new identity, going beyond the typical representations of either gender.

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Evolving Gender Dynamics

The collection, though depicting a woman actively pursuing love and challenging the patriarchal society, doesn't entirely reverse gender roles. While women are shown to be more assertive, the relationship is about creating a more equal dynamic, not necessarily a complete reversal of roles.

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Breaking From Petrarchan Tradition

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's sonnets, in contrast to traditional Petrarchan sonnets, differ in the speaker's perspective and the way she explores love. They are more personal and present a woman's voice with a greater depth and complexity, challenging the limitations of traditional conventions.

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How did "Sonnets from the Portuguese" go against traditional sonnet writing?

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poetry collection "Sonnets from the Portuguese" challenged the traditional rules of sonnet writing, particularly by depicting a passionate and intimate relationship between a female speaker and a male subject, which was rare at that time.

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How does the relationship in "Sonnets from the Portuguese" differ from traditional sonnets?

In traditional sonnets, there is often a noticeable gap between the male speaker and the female subject of his affection, marked by his longing and frustration. However, in "Sonnets from the Portuguese", the gap between the lovers closes as the poems progress, showcasing their growing closeness and intimacy.

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How did "Sonnets from the Portuguese" challenge Victorian values?

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "Sonnets from the Portuguese" challenged Victorian social norms of its time by expressing the passionate love between the poet and her husband, Robert Browning, in a direct and open way.

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Why didn't "Sonnets from the Portuguese" get published immediately?

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "Sonnets from the Portuguese" was not initially published immediately after its completion in 1846. She waited a few years before sharing it with the public, likely due to the controversial content and the potentially negative reception it might have garnered.

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What role did Robert Browning play in the publication of "Sonnets from the Portuguese"?

Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning's husband, played a significant role in her decision to publish "Sonnets from the Portuguese." He admired her writing and encouraged her to share her work with the world.

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How did the public initially react to "Sonnets from the Portuguese?"

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "Sonnets from the Portuguese" was met with resistance when it was first published in the 19th century due to its passionate and intimate portrayal of love, which challenged the strict Victorian moral values of the time.

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What is the significance of "Sonnets from the Portuguese" in terms of women's voices?

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "Sonnets from the Portuguese" is significant not only for its literary merit but also for its impact on the movement for women's voices and the broader feminist movement. It is crucial in challenging patriarchal norms and showcasing the power of a woman's voice in poetry and art.

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What is the lasting impact of "Sonnets from the Portuguese"?

Elizabeth Barrett Browning's "Sonnets from the Portuguese" had a significant impact on the literary world, carving out a space for women's voices in poetry and challenging the traditional rules of sonnet writing, setting a precedent for future female poets to follow.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Victorian Poetry

  • Week VII of the course
  • Focuses on the poetry of Elizabeth Barrett Browning
  • Includes a brief overview of her life and works

Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861)

  • Oldest of eleven children
  • Grew up in Herefordshire, England
  • Educated alongside her brothers
  • Experienced serious illness in 1821, affecting her back and lungs
  • Published her epic poem "The Battle of Marathon" at 14
  • Gained recognition during the 1830s
  • Published "The Seraphim and Other Poems" in 1838
  • Moved to Torquay in hopes of recovery
  • Suffered a tragic loss of her brother
  • Returned to London in 1841, dedicated herself to writing
  • Published "Poems" in 1844, including "Lady Geraldine's Courtship"
  • Met and married Robert Browning in 1846
  • Lived in Florence, Italy after marriage
  • Gave birth to their son, Robert, in 1849
  • Continued writing prolifically

Browning's Understanding of Art and Poetry

  • Created well-known poetry in the 1840s and 1850s
  • Used unconventional techniques like partial rhymes, varied rhythms, and made-up words
  • Her work influenced figures like Virginia Woolf
  • Published "Poems" in 1850. "Sonnets from the Portuguese" was part of this.
  • Her poems explored, often through personal and heartfelt descriptions, strong social and political issues
  • Important work for understanding the relationship between men and women, challenging the social expectations of her time.
  • Worked within traditional forms of poetry, but introduced her own nuances that challenged the norms of the 19th century.

Sonnets from the Portuguese

  • Written secretly for Robert Browning during their courtship.

  • Collection of poems expressing her feelings

  • Reflected a shift from a previous uncertain period of illness to one of passionate love and trust

  • Included significant changes to sonnet structure, while keeping some of its themes.

  • Poems challenged traditional gender roles, especially for women in Victorian society at the time.

  • Challenged traditional sonnet style's focus primarily on the male perspective and emotional experience. Instead, the poems highlighted the female experience and emotional depth of female speaker.

  • Gave voice to women through the Sonnet form.

  • Faced resistance regarding its release, due in part to the Victorian societal restrictions during this era.

  • Sonnets, while traditionally associated with a male style of expression, demonstrated a woman's ability to skillfully use and expand on the poetic form.

  • Important for the understanding of gender roles in Victorian England.

Conclusion

  • Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poetic collection reflected changes in Victorian society and challenged traditional gender roles.
  • Browning's works placed women's voices into art and literature, challenging the dominant patriarchal ideas of her era
  • Her work continues to resonate with readers, proving its significance in exploring and expanding gender roles through verse

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