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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes fluids from solids?
What distinguishes fluids from solids?
What is the primary composition of mammalian bodies?
What is the primary composition of mammalian bodies?
How does the volume of gases compare to that of solids and liquids when subjected to external pressure?
How does the volume of gases compare to that of solids and liquids when subjected to external pressure?
Under which pressure condition do solids and liquids have a fixed volume?
Under which pressure condition do solids and liquids have a fixed volume?
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What property do fluids possess that allows them to flow?
What property do fluids possess that allows them to flow?
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What is the main characteristic of fluids compared to solids or liquids?
What is the main characteristic of fluids compared to solids or liquids?
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What determines the volume of solids, liquids, or gases?
What determines the volume of solids, liquids, or gases?
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What occurs to the volume of a solid or liquid when external pressure changes?
What occurs to the volume of a solid or liquid when external pressure changes?
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What is the SI unit of pressure named after the French scientist Blaise Pascal?
What is the SI unit of pressure named after the French scientist Blaise Pascal?
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Which forces must be exerted by the fluid at rest?
Which forces must be exerted by the fluid at rest?
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What is the formula for calculating the density of a fluid?
What is the formula for calculating the density of a fluid?
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What is the unit of density in the SI system?
What is the unit of density in the SI system?
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How does the density of liquids compare to gases in terms of pressure variation?
How does the density of liquids compare to gases in terms of pressure variation?
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What is the relative density of a substance?
What is the relative density of a substance?
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What does a positive scalar quantity refer to in this context?
What does a positive scalar quantity refer to in this context?
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What is the density of water at 4°C?
What is the density of water at 4°C?
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What is the average pressure Pav defined as?
What is the average pressure Pav defined as?
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According to Pascal's law, what happens to pressure in a fluid at rest?
According to Pascal's law, what happens to pressure in a fluid at rest?
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What is the unit of pressure that is equivalent to N m-2?
What is the unit of pressure that is equivalent to N m-2?
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How does pressure vary with depth h in a fluid?
How does pressure vary with depth h in a fluid?
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What remains constant in the steady flow of an incompressible fluid through a pipe of non-uniform cross-section?
What remains constant in the steady flow of an incompressible fluid through a pipe of non-uniform cross-section?
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What does the principle of weight loss when submerged in a fluid state?
What does the principle of weight loss when submerged in a fluid state?
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In the context of hydraulic lifts, what does the relationship A1L1 = A2L2 represent?
In the context of hydraulic lifts, what does the relationship A1L1 = A2L2 represent?
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What is assumed about water in the context of this principle?
What is assumed about water in the context of this principle?
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If the radius of the small piston in a hydraulic lift is 5.0 cm, what is the radius of the larger piston?
If the radius of the small piston in a hydraulic lift is 5.0 cm, what is the radius of the larger piston?
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What force is applied on the small piston to lift a car weighing 1350 kg?
What force is applied on the small piston to lift a car weighing 1350 kg?
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What is the gravitational acceleration used in the calculations?
What is the gravitational acceleration used in the calculations?
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What pressure is ignored in the calculations of the hydraulic lift?
What pressure is ignored in the calculations of the hydraulic lift?
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What is the mass of the car to be lifted by the hydraulic lift?
What is the mass of the car to be lifted by the hydraulic lift?
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What is the formula for excess pressure inside a bubble?
What is the formula for excess pressure inside a bubble?
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What does the variable $r$ represent in the context of a bubble?
What does the variable $r$ represent in the context of a bubble?
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If the surface tension of water is $7.30 × 10^{-2} N/m$, how is it used in calculating excess pressure?
If the surface tension of water is $7.30 × 10^{-2} N/m$, how is it used in calculating excess pressure?
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What is the excess pressure in the bubble as calculated in the example?
What is the excess pressure in the bubble as calculated in the example?
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What basic property of a fluid is highlighted in the summary?
What basic property of a fluid is highlighted in the summary?
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What happens when the lower end of a capillary tube is dipped in water?
What happens when the lower end of a capillary tube is dipped in water?
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In the given context, why is the pressure outside the bubble important?
In the given context, why is the pressure outside the bubble important?
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When calculating the pressure inside the tube, which pressure is added to the water pressure?
When calculating the pressure inside the tube, which pressure is added to the water pressure?
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What causes the buoyant force on a submerged object?
What causes the buoyant force on a submerged object?
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Under what condition will an object float in a fluid?
Under what condition will an object float in a fluid?
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What happens to the volume of fluid displaced when an object is totally immersed?
What happens to the volume of fluid displaced when an object is totally immersed?
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Which equation correctly represents the relationship between buoyant force and weight of the displaced fluid?
Which equation correctly represents the relationship between buoyant force and weight of the displaced fluid?
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What is the outcome if the density of an immersed object is higher than the fluid's density?
What is the outcome if the density of an immersed object is higher than the fluid's density?
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When a body is partially immersed in a fluid, what is true about the forces acting on it?
When a body is partially immersed in a fluid, what is true about the forces acting on it?
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If a floating object has an apparent weight of zero, what does this indicate?
If a floating object has an apparent weight of zero, what does this indicate?
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In the context of Archimedes’ principle, what can be inferred about the pressure in a fluid?
In the context of Archimedes’ principle, what can be inferred about the pressure in a fluid?
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Study Notes
Applied Physics
- Course offered at Beni-Suef University, College of Technology and Education
- Target audience: First-year students
- Semester: First
- Department: Basic Science
- Academic year: 2023-2024
Contents
- Unit One: Mechanical properties (pages 1-36)
- Unit Two: Heat and Thermodynamics (pages 37-72)
- Unit Three: MCQ (pages 73-95)
- Unit Four: Laboratory experiments (pages 96-110)
Mechanical Properties
- Introduction: Study of common physical properties of liquids and gases, which are called fluids.
- Pressure: Defined as the force acting per unit area; a scalar quantity. Fluids exert pressure normally to a surface. Pressure measurement device described.
- Streamline flow: The path taken by a fluid particle in a steady flow. No two streamlines cross, consistent with the steady flow requirement.
- Bernoulli's principle: For steady flow of an incompressible fluid, the sum of pressure, kinetic energy per unit volume, and potential energy per unit volume remains constant along a streamline. Explained in terms of change in the kinetic and potential energy of the fluid.
- Variation of pressure with depth: Pressure in a static fluid increases with depth. The following relationship describes the pressure difference between two points in a fluid: P2 - P₁ = pgh
- Pascal's Law: Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid in all directions.
- Density: Mass per unit volume, a key property in fluid mechanics, often a constant for liquids but varies with pressure for gases. Density of specific fluids at a standard temperature given.
Additional Information
- Units and conventions defined in the text; such as, Pascal (Pa), atmosphere (atm). Various examples including how pressure is exerted, its relationship to depth, and measurements. Specific densities provided in a table.
- Formulae presented for different concepts/phenomena, highlighting their physical significance and/or how parameters affect the outcome.
- Diagrams/figures are present to illustrate the concepts discussed.
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