ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) Test
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method of preventing Hepatitis D virus?

  • Avoiding contact with infected individuals
  • Prevention of Hepatitis B virus (correct)
  • Vaccination against Hepatitis D
  • Treatment with PEGylated interferon alpha
  • What is the most common outcome of acute HDV and HBV infection?

  • Recovery from infection without any complications
  • Severe acute hepatitis and Chronic Hepatitis D infection in 80% of the cases (correct)
  • Chronic Hepatitis D infection in 20% of the cases
  • Development of liver cancer
  • What is the purpose of Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in Hepatitis D diagnosis?

  • To monitor any ongoing HDV infection (correct)
  • To diagnose co-infection
  • To diagnose superinfection
  • To detect the total anti-HDV antibodies
  • What is a rare case of Hepatitis D transmission?

    <p>From mother to child at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between co-infection and superinfection?

    <p>Co-infection occurs when both HDV and HBV are contracted simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) in Hepatitis D diagnosis?

    <p>To detect the total anti-HDV antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Hepatitis D virus?

    <p>No specific treatment is available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of diagnosing Hepatitis D infection?

    <p>Serologic tests for the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the denaturation step in PCR?

    <p>To separate the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal temperature for Taq polymerase activity?

    <p>72°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the primers in PCR?

    <p>To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many double-stranded DNA sequences are produced after two cycles of PCR?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the thermocycler in PCR?

    <p>To automate the precise control of temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the annealing step of PCR?

    <p>Binding of primers to the target DNA region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cycles of PCR are typically performed?

    <p>25-30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature used during the annealing step of PCR?

    <p>55°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of autoclaving the 3% agarose solution?

    <p>To sterilize the agarose solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) not used as a cell culture medium in the plaque assay?

    <p>It interferes with virus growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature at which the agarose solution is mixed with culture medium?

    <p>42°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long are the cells incubated with formaldehyde?

    <p>1-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of shaking the plates every 15 minutes during the viral adsorption step?

    <p>To ensure uniform viral adsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of agarose in the solution used for the overlay?

    <p>0.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using crystal violet in the plaque assay?

    <p>To stain the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long are the plates incubated at 37°C to allow viral plaques to form?

    <p>60-84 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of Western Blot as a diagnostic tool for HIV infection?

    <p>Prone to false positive and indeterminate results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Sodium Dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in Western Blot?

    <p>To impart a negative charge to proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of electrophoresis in Western Blot?

    <p>To separate proteins based on their molecular weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of Western Blot?

    <p>To detect and identify specific proteins within a complex mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antibodies in Western Blot?

    <p>To detect specific proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the gel used in Western Blot?

    <p>Polyacrylamide gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Western Blot process?

    <p>Denaturation and Electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Western Blot in the context of HIV diagnosis?

    <p>To confirm HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of rinsing the microtiter plate well after immobilizing the antibody?

    <p>To remove unbound antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a direct ELISA, what binds to the enzyme-linked antibody?

    <p>The antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding a colorless substrate in an ELISA?

    <p>To allow the enzyme to react and produce a detectable signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immobilizing the antigen in an indirect ELISA?

    <p>To detect the presence of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the secondary antibody in an indirect ELISA?

    <p>To react with the constant region of other antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a direct and indirect ELISA?

    <p>The detection of antigen vs. antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of washing away unbound antigens in an indirect ELISA?

    <p>To remove non-specific binding of antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final result of a positive ELISA?

    <p>A color change indicating the presence of the antigen or antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

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