40 Questions
What is the primary method of preventing Hepatitis D virus?
Prevention of Hepatitis B virus
What is the most common outcome of acute HDV and HBV infection?
Severe acute hepatitis and Chronic Hepatitis D infection in 80% of the cases
What is the purpose of Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in Hepatitis D diagnosis?
To monitor any ongoing HDV infection
What is a rare case of Hepatitis D transmission?
From mother to child at birth
What is the difference between co-infection and superinfection?
Co-infection occurs when both HDV and HBV are contracted simultaneously
What is the role of Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) in Hepatitis D diagnosis?
To detect the total anti-HDV antibodies
What is the treatment for Hepatitis D virus?
No specific treatment is available
What is the primary method of diagnosing Hepatitis D infection?
Serologic tests for the virus
What is the primary purpose of the denaturation step in PCR?
To separate the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between them
What is the optimal temperature for Taq polymerase activity?
72°C
What is the primary function of the primers in PCR?
To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis
How many double-stranded DNA sequences are produced after two cycles of PCR?
4
What is the purpose of the thermocycler in PCR?
To automate the precise control of temperature changes
What occurs during the annealing step of PCR?
Binding of primers to the target DNA region
How many cycles of PCR are typically performed?
25-30
What is the temperature used during the annealing step of PCR?
55°C
What is the purpose of autoclaving the 3% agarose solution?
To sterilize the agarose solution
Why is Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) not used as a cell culture medium in the plaque assay?
It interferes with virus growth
What is the temperature at which the agarose solution is mixed with culture medium?
42°C
How long are the cells incubated with formaldehyde?
1-24 hours
What is the purpose of shaking the plates every 15 minutes during the viral adsorption step?
To ensure uniform viral adsorption
What is the percentage of agarose in the solution used for the overlay?
0.3%
What is the purpose of using crystal violet in the plaque assay?
To stain the cells
How long are the plates incubated at 37°C to allow viral plaques to form?
60-84 hours
What is the primary limitation of Western Blot as a diagnostic tool for HIV infection?
Prone to false positive and indeterminate results
What is the purpose of Sodium Dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in Western Blot?
To impart a negative charge to proteins
What is the primary function of electrophoresis in Western Blot?
To separate proteins based on their molecular weight
What is the ultimate goal of Western Blot?
To detect and identify specific proteins within a complex mixture
What is the role of antibodies in Western Blot?
To detect specific proteins
What is the name of the gel used in Western Blot?
Polyacrylamide gel
What is the first step in the Western Blot process?
Denaturation and Electrophoresis
What is the purpose of Western Blot in the context of HIV diagnosis?
To confirm HIV infection
What is the primary purpose of rinsing the microtiter plate well after immobilizing the antibody?
To remove unbound antibodies
In a direct ELISA, what binds to the enzyme-linked antibody?
The antigen
What is the purpose of adding a colorless substrate in an ELISA?
To allow the enzyme to react and produce a detectable signal
What is the purpose of immobilizing the antigen in an indirect ELISA?
To detect the presence of antibodies
What is the role of the secondary antibody in an indirect ELISA?
To react with the constant region of other antibodies
What is the primary difference between a direct and indirect ELISA?
The detection of antigen vs. antibody
What is the purpose of washing away unbound antigens in an indirect ELISA?
To remove non-specific binding of antigens
What is the final result of a positive ELISA?
A color change indicating the presence of the antigen or antibody
This quiz is about the process of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test, which is used to detect the presence of an antigen in a sample. It involves binding the antigen to an antibody and then adding an enzyme-linked antibody to detect the presence of the antigen.
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