Elevators and Escalators - AE 475
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism used to lift an elevator car in a hydraulic elevator system?

  • A powerful electric motor directly attached to the elevator car
  • A pressurized fluid pushing on a piston (correct)
  • A system of pulleys and ropes
  • A strong magnet attached to the elevator car

In a hydraulic elevator system, what is the primary role of the valve?

  • To provide lubrication for the piston
  • To control the direction of fluid flow (correct)
  • To store excess hydraulic fluid
  • To filter impurities from the hydraulic fluid

How does a hydraulic elevator system stop the car at a desired floor?

  • A brake is applied directly to the elevator car
  • The valve is closed, preventing further fluid from entering the cylinder (correct)
  • The motor is reversed, causing the car to descend slowly
  • The piston is locked in place by a locking mechanism

What is the primary force used to lower a hydraulic elevator car?

<p>The weight of the car and its contents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component responsible for moving the elevator car in a traction elevator system?

<p>An electric motor connected to a sheave (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the direction of movement controlled in a traction elevator system?

<p>By changing the direction of rotation of the electric motor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sheave in a traction elevator system?

<p>To transmit power from the motor to the ropes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of elevator design is described as the most popular and efficient?

<p>Traction elevator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the balance in gearless elevators?

<p>To conserve energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gearless elevators maintain a constant potential energy level?

<p>By using both the elevator car and counterweight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of escalator is most suitable for a narrow space?

<p>Spiral escalator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable difference between escalators and elevators in terms of energy consumption?

<p>Elevators save electricity by operating only when in use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which escalator type is ideal for outdoor use?

<p>Inclined escalator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of escalators regarding transportation?

<p>They cannot accommodate patients and luggage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What keeps the car and counterweight from swaying back and forth in gearless elevators?

<p>Guide rails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of escalator is designed for broader spaces like malls or airports?

<p>Parallel escalator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of room is necessary for an elevator but not for an escalator?

<p>Machine room (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the functionality of escalators?

<p>Motor-driven chains cycling on tracks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of design, how are escalators primarily characterized?

<p>Diagonal stairs with an incline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common usage scenario for escalators?

<p>Transportation in public spaces such as malls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do escalators differ from elevators in terms of energy consumption?

<p>Escalators consume more power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of elevators regarding privacy?

<p>They have enclosed cabins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which capacity statement is true for escalators compared to elevators?

<p>Escalators can hold over 20 people at a time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about escalators is false?

<p>Escalators are used primarily in private buildings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preventive maintenance for elevators and escalators?

<p>To prevent breakdowns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following maintenance types is performed after a failure has occurred?

<p>Corrective maintenance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of elevators compared to stairs and escalators?

<p>Ability to transport more people at once (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which safety feature is commonly found in elevators to enhance passenger safety?

<p>Emergency stop buttons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of elevator?

<p>Stairway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of maintenance is necessary in high traffic areas for elevators and escalators?

<p>More routine maintenance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature helps prevent entrapment on escalators?

<p>Handrails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a 'lift' and an 'elevator'?

<p>A lift is a general term for any vertical transportation device, while an elevator is a specific type powered by electricity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a mechanical or engineering element in a building?

<p>Elevator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintenance activity should be included in a routine maintenance schedule?

<p>Cleaning and lubrication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For safety considerations, what should stairs be designed with?

<p>Proper handrails and adequate lighting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force used in a traction roped elevator?

<p>Electric motor and traction cables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of elevator is specifically designed to carry patients on stretchers?

<p>Hospital Elevator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between hydraulic and traction elevators?

<p>Hydraulic elevators use hydraulic pressure to move the cabin, while traction elevators utilize cables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a major elevator design?

<p>Pneumatic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an elevator?

<p>To provide vertical transportation for people and goods within a building. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Elevators

Mechanical lifts that transport people or goods vertically within a building.

Lift

A general term for any device that moves people or goods vertically. It encompasses both electric and non-electric systems.

Traction Roped Elevators

Elevators powered by electric motors that pull the elevator cab upwards using traction cables and counterweights.

Hydraulic Elevators

Elevators that use hydraulic pressure to lift the elevator cab. They are typically used in lower-rise buildings.

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Moving Walkways

Moving walkways that transport people horizontally. Often found in airports, train stations, and shopping malls.

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Corridors

A series of connected rooms within a building, typically used as a passageway.

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Portals

Openings or entrances that allow access to a building or space.

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Stairways

A set of steps used for vertical movement between different levels of a building.

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Fluid Reservoir

The reservoir that stores the hydraulic fluid used in the elevator system.

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Hydraulic Pump

The pump in a hydraulic elevator system that forces fluid from the reservoir into the cylinder, lifting the elevator car.

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Hydraulic Valve

A valve that controls the flow of pressurized fluid between the cylinder and the reservoir in a hydraulic elevator system.

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Roped Elevator

The most common elevator design, where the car is raised and lowered using steel ropes.

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Sheave

A pulley with grooves that grip the hoist ropes in a roped elevator, enabling the elevator car to be raised and lowered.

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Sheave Motor

The motor that powers the sheave in a roped elevator, determining the elevator's direction of travel.

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Gearbox

A gearbox that connects the sheave motor to the sheave in a roped elevator, adjusting the speed and torque of the motor's output.

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Traction Elevators

A type of elevator powered by a motor that pulls the elevator car up using traction cables and a counterweight. This design offers greater efficiency and versatility compared to hydraulic elevators.

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Counterweight

A heavy weight that counteracts the force of gravity on the elevator car, reducing the energy needed to lift the car. It's like a see-saw with equal weights on each side.

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Guide rails

A device that helps guide the elevator car and counterweight, ensuring smooth and safe movement, and preventing swaying. These are like the tracks for a train keeping it on course.

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Gearless Elevator

A type of elevator where an electric motor directly drives the sheave, which in turn moves the elevator car. The control system, motor, and sheave are usually located together in a machine room.

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Escalators

A system that continually moves people up or down between levels of a building. They operate in a continuous cycle, with steps moving on a pair of tracks.

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Parallel Escalators

Types of escalators that are suitable for broader areas, like malls and airports, where space is not a constraint.

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Spiral Escalators

Types of escalators designed for tight spaces. This is a good alternative for smaller areas where space is limited.

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Inclined Escalators

Types of escalators that function like an incline or ramp. These are ideal for locations outside, where people are walking or standing.

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Routine Maintenance

Maintenance done to keep equipment in good working order. Includes regular checks, cleaning, and lubrication.

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Corrective Maintenance

Maintenance that happens after a breakdown. Fixes the problem and gets the equipment working again.

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Preventive Maintenance

Maintenance happening before problems occur. It prevents breakdowns by checking for issues.

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Maintenance Frequency

The frequency of maintenance depends on how much the elevator is used. Busy areas need more maintenance.

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Elevator Safety Features

Elevators have door sensors, emergency stop buttons, and backup power systems to keep passengers safe.

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Escalator Safety Features

Escalators have handrails, comb plates to prevent things getting stuck, and sensors that stop the escalator if something is wrong.

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Stair Safety Features

Stairs should have handrails, non-slip surfaces, and good lighting to prevent falls.

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Elevator Advantages

Elevators offer comfort and accessibility, especially for people with disabilities or heavy items. They carry more people at once than stairs or escalators.

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Escalator Machine Room

Escalators don't require a dedicated machine room for control, unlike elevators.

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Escalator Types

Multiple parallel escalators run side-by-side, while criss-cross escalators have staggered landings.

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Continuous Linear Escalator

A continuous linear escalator is a single, uninterrupted escalator that moves passengers over a long distance.

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Elevator vs. Escalator: Function

Elevators move vertically in enclosed cabins, while escalators are continuous moving staircases.

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Elevator vs. Escalator: Design

Elevators have variable designs with different cabin sizes and features, while escalators are typically designed as diagonal staircases.

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Elevator vs. Escalator: Usage

Elevators are dominant in multi-story buildings, while escalators are commonly found in public spaces like malls and airports.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course Title: Electrical and Mechanical Systems
  • Course Code: AE 475
  • Faculty: Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology
  • Department: Architectural Engineering
  • Semester: First Semester 2024/2025
  • Instructor: Dr. Muna M. Alibrahim
  • University: Yarmouk University

Topic 6: Elevators and Escalators

  • Elevators and escalators significantly impact contemporary design and architecture.
  • They have transformed how people navigate buildings.
  • Using elevators and escalators is now commonplace.

Circulation Elements in Buildings

  • Physical/Architectural Elements: Corridors, Portals (entrances, doors, gates), Stairways, Ramps
  • Mechanical/Engineering Elements: Elevators, Escalators, Moving Walkways

Elevators

  • Mechanical lifts transporting people and goods within a building.
  • Operate using an electric motor that powers traction cables and counterweights.
  • The motor pulls the elevator up, and gravity takes hold when it stops.
  • Various types exist, each designed for specific needs (passenger, freight, hydraulic, home, hospital elevators).
  • Passenger elevators are common in office buildings, apartments, and hotels.
  • Hospital elevators are designed for transporting patients on stretchers and wheelchairs.

Lift vs. Elevator

  • Lift and elevator are often used interchangeably.
  • Lift is a general term for any vertical transportation device.
  • Elevator is a specific type of lift powered by electricity.
  • Elevator is predominantly an American term.
  • Lift is predominantly a British term

Two Major Elevator Designs

  • Push (Hydraulic): A hydraulic piston inside a cylinder, driven by pressurized oil through a pump and valve system. The fluid reservoir, pump (electrically powered), and a valve are the three key parts. The pump forces fluid into the cylinder; when the valve opens, fluid returns to the reservoir; when the valve closes, fluid pushes the piston up, lifting the elevator car.
  • Pull (Traction): The most popular and efficient design. The ropes are attached to the elevator car and looped around a sheave (pulley). The sheave rotation (powered by the motor) moves the ropes up or down. The motor operation goes one way to lift and another to lower. When the motor operates, the sheave also rotates. For faster precision, gearless elevators are also used.

Elevator Balance

  • The balance system conserves energy. With equal loads, little force is required to tip the balance.
  • The motor only needs to overcome friction; the weight on the other side does most of the work. The balance maintains a constant potential energy. The elevator car descending increases weight; the weights rise to the top, and the system operates like a seesaw.

Escalators

  • Essential moving stairs accommodating vertical movement between floors.
  • Consists of a motor-driven chain that moves the steps in a cycle on tracks.
  • Escalators consume significant power compared to elevators.

Types of Escalators

  • Parallel: Ideal for large spaces like malls and airports.
  • Crisscross: Also used in wide spaces, but with stairs crossing each other.
  • Spiral: Suitable for compact areas.
  • Inclined: Best for outdoor areas where people walk or stand.

Advantages of Using Escalators

  • High capacity (more than 20 people at a time) making them efficient for large pedestrian areas like malls and transport hubs.
  • Patients and luggage are not accommodated.
  • No specific machine room is required, unlike elevators.

Elevator and Escalator Maintenance

  • Essential for optimal operation and safety.
  • Preventive maintenance: Regular checks to prevent breakdowns.
  • Corrective maintenance: Repairs after a system failure.
  • Routine maintenance: Keeps the equipment in good working order.
  • Frequent checks of electrical and mechanical components, along with cleaning and lubrication are important parts of the maintenance schedule.

Advantages of Elevators over Stairs and Escalators

  • Convenience and accessibility, especially for people with mobility challenges or heavy luggage.
  • Eliminating physical effort reduces the risk of injury for many people.
  • Transport many people at once, particularly beneficial in high-rise buildings.

Safety Considerations for Elevators, Escalators, and Stairs

  • Elevators: Safety mechanisms—doors sensors, emergency stop buttons, and backup power systems.
  • Escalators: Safety features—handrails, comb plates to prevent entrapment, and sensors to detect obstructions.
  • Stairs: Proper handrails, non-slip surfaces, and adequate lighting.

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Topic 6 Elevators and Escalators - PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential elements of elevators and escalators, focusing on their design and mechanical functionality within buildings. You will explore their impact on contemporary architecture and the various circulation elements involved in navigation. Test your knowledge of how these systems operate and their importance in architectural design.

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