Elenco PK-101 Electronic Learning Center

• Elenco model PK-101 creates an electronic learning center by transforming any standard breadboard
• Users can learn basic electronic principles and how to build electronic circuits
• Users can learn to work with build a breadboard, read electronic schematics, learn and troubleshoot circuits, and change circuit performance by changing component value
• Requires a breadboard and a 9V battery or power supply
• The kit includes an electronic keyboard, electronic kazoo, battery tester, finger-touch lamp, burglar and water alarms, a siren, and a magnetic bridge
• No soldering or tools are required

Parts List

• Includes resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, transformer, switch, battery clip, speaker, and wires with the kit
• Quantity Part Number and Description are as follows
  • 1, 134700, 470Ω Resistor, 0.25W
  • 1, 141000, 1kΩ Resistor, 0.25W
  • 1, 143300, 3.3kΩ Resistor, 0.25W
  • 1, 151000, 10kΩ Resistor, 0.25W
  • 1, 153300, 33kΩ Resistor, 0.25W
  • 1, 161000, 100kΩ Resistor, 0.25W
  • 1, 171000, 1MΩ Resistor, 0.25W
  • 1, 191549, 50kΩ Variable Resistor, lay-down, with dial
  • 1, 235018, 0.005μF Disc Capacitor
  • 1, 244780, 0.047μF Disc Capacitor
  • 1, 271045, 10μF Electrolytic Capacitor
  • 1, 281044, 100μF Electrolytic Capacitor
  • 1, 314148, Diode, 1N4148
  • 3, 323904, Transistor, NPN, 2N3904
  • 2, 350002, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
  • 1, 442100, Transformer
  • 1, 540100, Switch, push-button
  • 1, 590098, 9V Battery Clip
  • 1, 590102, Speaker, 8Ω, 0.25 Watt, with wires added
  • 1, Wires Bag

Quiz Answers

• First Quiz answers
  • 1 electrons
  • 2 short
  • 3 battery
  • 4 increase
  • 5 insulators, conductors
  • 6 decreases, increases
  • 7 decreases
  • 8 voltage
  • 9 alternating, direct
  • 10 increases, decreases
• Second Quiz answers
  • 1 reverse
  • 2 LEDs
  • 3 amplifier
  • 4 integrated
  • 5 saturated
  • 6 direct, alternating
  • 7 decreases, increases
  • 8 magnetic
  • 9 increases
  • 10 twice
• Third Quiz answers
  • 1 feedback
  • 2 air, pressure
  • 3 decreases
  • 4 OR
  • 5 NAND

Basic Components

• Electricity is a flow of sub-atomic particles called electrons
• Electrons move atom to atom when an electrical charge is applied across the material
• Thinking of electricity flowing through circuits like water flowing through pipes can make electronics easier to understand
• Copper wires offer very low resistance to electrical flow
• A short circuit or short occurs when wires from different parts of a circuit connect accidentally
• Electric current is expressed in amperes (A) or milliamps (mA)
• Electric current is a measure of how fast electrons flow in a wire
• A water current describes how fast water flows in a pipe
• Wires act as pipes for electrical flow
• A battery or generator creates an electrical charge across wires to make electricity flow
• Batteries use a chemical reaction and are simple, small, and portable
• Moving a magnet near a wire creates electrical flow, which a generator does
• Steam or water pressure drive electric power company generators
• Voltage, expressed in volts (V), is a measure of how strong the electric charge from a battery or generator is
• Voltage is similar to water pressure
• The ELENCO PK-101 may be used with a 9V battery or an adjustable power supply
• An adjustable power supply converts AC electricity into a simple DC form
• Adjust the power supply to 9V if using that instead of battery
• • and - signs on batteries indicate the direction of electricity flow
• 0V or “-” side of the battery is often referred to as “ground”
• Engineers use symbols to represent parts to save time and space to draw
• Wires are simply represented by lines
• A switch connects or disconnects wires in a circuit to turn on or off electricity
• Symbol for switch
• A resistor is a component that controls how much electric current flows
• Resistance is expressed in ohms (Ω), kilohms (kΩ, 1,000 ohms), or megohms (MΩ, 1,000,000 ohms)
• Ohm is a measure of how much a resistor resists the flow of electricity
• Increasing voltage or using less resistance increases the electric current in a circuit
• The symbol for resistor
• Breadboards easily mount electronic components and connect them together
• Breadboards easily add and remove components
• Breadboards have 830 holes arranged into rows and columns
• 5 holes within each column are electrically connected, but not connected to other columns
• This means there are 126 columns of 5 holes each where there is a wire within the breadboard connecting the 5 holes
• All holes marked with a blue "-" or a red "+" are electrically connected, but not connected to each other.
• This makes 6 rows of 100 holes
• Red "+" holes are used for a "+" battery or power supply connections
• Blue "-" holes are used for ground ("-" battery or power supply) connections
• Push the breadboard components straight and gently straight down to insert, pliers straighten if the pins get bent
• Always make sure components do not touch each other
• Electrolytic capacitors have positive and negative electrodes
• An electrolytic capacitor's negative lead is indicated by a stripe with minus signs and possibly arrowheads
• If an electrolytic capacitor is connected with incorrect polarity, it may heat up and leak or explode
• When the end of a wire on the kit is frayed cut the end and remove 3/8in of the insulaiton from a new end
• The rows on bread boards are marked with letters and the columns marked with numbers, each hole can be identified.
• For example, a connection at b26 is at row b, column 26
• A connection at (+)3 is at row +, column 3

Experiment 1 The Light Bulb

• Use a 9-volt alkaline battery (best) or adjustable power supply
• When not using an ELENCO PK-101, remove the battery from its terminal clip
• If using the power supply adjust it to 9V
• Lets introduce the LED (light-emitting diode) which is shown with its symbol
• Insert components in accord with the wiring checklist - The first item is done for you so its called wiring checklist

Experiment 2 Brightness Control

• One Ohm's law current will be very large , and it may damage LED so a 1kOhm resistor was put in to limit current
• Decrease Resistance = LED from very dim to very bright
• Resistance between left and right pin is always 50K Ohm and part act as any other resistor
• Variable resistor are used in light dimmer and for Volume control in Tv''s and radios

Experiment 3 Resistors in series

• Resisiors add to increase total resistance for the circuit
• For example: 3.3 and 100k Resistor add up to 103.3 KOhm

Experiment 4 Paralell Pipes

• In paralell means connect between the same points
• There more water pipes the lower total restistance
• Reistance equals 𝑅1 × 𝑅2 divided by 𝑅1 + 𝑅2.

Experiment 5: Comparison of Parallel Currents

• This circuit uses two resistors in parallel and a second LED
• This circuit is the same but, is instead of just parallel resistors, then there are parallel resistor LED circuits

Experiment 6 Combined Circuit

• Turn VR dial left to right , the LEFT led will go from bright -Very dim and RIGHT LED will from Very dim-visible
• Note on how resistor work in series and paralell

Experiment 7 Water detector

• An LED circuit that lights when it is in water could be used as a water detector
• Water has a lower resistance when salt is mixed with it, it is like a strong cleaner mixing with paintballs

Intro To Capacitors

• Capacitors store electrical pressure (voltage) for periods of time
• It is charged when there is a difference in voltage across it
• There is a one way flow through it for a short amount of time. It discharges the other way
• Can act as A water with with a rubber diaphram

Capacitors

• Capacitators are able to stand elecrtic current also called capacitance
• Dielectrics materials are insulators made from the metal plate

Experiment 8 Slow light bulb

• There is an equal time for all components like: time, voltage, current for one or several components

Experiment #9: Small dominates large - Capacitors in series

• The smaller 10uF will dominate the response since it has lower charge time
• Capacitiors in a series combine to make up the smaller circuit capacitance

Experiment 10 Large Dominates small -capacitors in paralell

• You can predtics what will happen paralell, just think about resirtors in paralell, or water
• Paralell capasitors add up to just like like resistors in series

Experiment 11: Make your own battery

• There has to be charge the capacitor which stotes electrisity whih can be used at a later time like with a battery
• They do not use that much material since it cannot store as much

Experiment 12 - One way Current

• a 1N4148 which a standard diode widely used today in industry and other ways are now presented.
• diode turns On Voltage is 0.7V

Experiment 13 one way Light bulb

• Diodes made this way need higher voltage to turn in some on which is what we already have in this experiment
• We will now refer to LED to right and left

Introduction to Transistors

• NPN transistor was inverted a t Bell Lab the name from TRANSRESISTOR in 1947 has shifted many times
• BJT can be seen to the lover pivot the transistor
• IC -Inverted circuit are created by Transistors,resistors, and Diodes

Experiment 14 The Electronic Switch

• A few transitors are used often like the 2N3904
• Connect the circuit it acts like A open one
• It switches when the current is open

Experiment 15 The current AMplifier

• Connect the circuit and switch that results in lights
• The collector bath is hight
• A current grain is created depending on the kind of transitors (1 to 1000 varying greatly)

Experiment 16 The Subistute

• What would happen if the bases were in parallel
• If the check base has enough the would be only slight resistence
• These transistors can be subsituted

Experiment 17: Standard Translator biasing Circuit

• Translator is turned on and no saturated
• When a smaller amount of AC is applied than a larger copy will show
• Standard has little by its self a simple copy can
• It is set that the tranisiot is already saturated

Experiment 18 - very slow bulb light

• As the capacitor Voltage contunes, the resistence increase the current flows
• Change the capacitor to get a more stable increase in current

Experiment 19 The Darlington

• This is the process the current flows through the emmiter of the left transtior
• A higher Voltager with the capacitors, are more easily charged

Experiment 20 Two Finnger Touch

• Add two long loose wires, and touchs them simulataneously with diffrent hands.
• The body's resistence affect the currents

Experiment 21: One finger touch lamp

• These kind of circtui are not to be touching
• It make it more senceitive the can touch by make it more sensitive

Experiement 22- The Voltmeter

• This is a diffrent pair configuation that you can see if on its 4 legs
• There are some resitotrs that you change the reading

Experiment number 23; 1.5 Volt Tester

• It will help you detect is it on is the voltmeter reading
• It uses two diodes the left transtot to create the voltages refference

Experiment #24 9 Volt tester

• It uses a strong Volts tester battery check it on this list and the diodes make the current check

Experiement #24 -The Battery Imuunizer

• Connett the Wires this does not seem dull but
• It can do some damage

Chapter 26- The Anti Capcaitor

• It does not block the dirtect Current just the alternation can
• It is similar to capcaitor just does not stay there but brief

Chapter 27;The MAgnect Bridge

• Connect the crircuit and the lEd blink a couple of time on both The dc Resitence . What do you do y

Term Inductor

• Is mostly seen ass an electronic momentum its just the power of the moving objects
• The hose has many galons then the water starts moving
• It moves very slow just as freight

TEST your knoweledge #2

1.) A diode has a large resistence so it is _____ biad 2.) diodes whose energy gives light will be ____.knwon

List of Term

• AC- alteranting Curent
• AMP- Amper
• Analog - Simarlity
• Atom the smalleset partical of Chemicle element
• BJT- Biiapolar Junction Traistitor

Cont.

• Capacir- is an electrival component
• Cabon electrtically ues to make resisotrr
• Color cod eam thode to read resotres
• Direct current-constant one no change through current
• Electrical Field - the region of attarticion