Elements of Art: Lines, Shapes, Form, and Color

• Elements of art are the symbol of direction and act as shape boundaries.
• Lines take the form of a moving point in space.

Vertical Lines

• Suggest strength, power, and authority.

Horizontal Lines

• Suggest rest, repose, balance, calmness, relaxation, and serenity.

Diagonal Lines

• Display action, movement, and unrest.

Curved Lines

• Convey gracefulness, sexiness, and beauty.

Straight Lines

• Show the rigidity of a classroom and its seating arrangement.
• Shapes are two-dimensional, flat, and have height and width.
• Geometrical or Regular shapes can be easily recognized and measured.
• Organic shapes can be seen in nature, like leaves, seashells, and clouds.
• Form is a three-dimensional enclosed area, like sculpture and architecture.
• Examples of forms are cubes, spheres, pyramids, and cylinders.
• Color has three properties: hue, value, and intensity
• Hue stands for the purest form or identity of a color
• Value shows the lightness and darkness of a hue.
• Intensity shows the brightness of a color.
• Color response is a vision to wavelength of light.
• Primary colors -- blue, red, and yellow when combined, create secondary colors.
• Secondary colors -- green, orange, and violet.
• Ternary colors are produced when the primary and secondary colors combine.
• Warm colors -- red, yellow, and orange.
• Cool colors -- blue, green, and violet.
• The color wheel represents the relationships between colors.

Types of Color Schemes

• Analogous combines three to four neighboring colors with one color in all mixtures.
• Complementary combines any two opposite colors on the color wheel.
• Split complementary blends three colors where two are beside the third color's complement.
• Tetradic uses four colors arranged into two complementary pairs.
• Triad includes three colors that form an equilateral triangle on the color wheel.
• Monochromatic features different shades of one color.
• Achromatic involves neutral colors.
• Value determines the lightness or darkness of tones or colors.
• White has the lightest value, while black is the darkest.
• Texture is the surface quality of an object, whether rough, hard, soft, or smooth.
• Texture indicates how objects feel or appear when handled.
• Tactile texture can be touched and felt.
• Implied texture can be observed.
• Space includes the foreground, middle ground, background, and sense of depth.

Meaning of Colors

• White combines all primary-colored lights.
• Black combines all the colors.
• Yellow demonstrates cheerfulness, joyfulness, happiness, warmth, and sunshine.
• Purple means royalty, nobility, luxury, power, and ambition.
• Red stands for life, health, vigor, war, courage, anger, love, and religious fervor.
• Blue means calmness and responsibility.
• Green stands for growth, freshness, renewal, and rebirth.
• Orange shows warmth, heat, sunshine, enthusiasm, creativity, success, encouragement, change, determination, and health.

Principles of Art

• Balance provides visual equilibrium.
• Balance can be symmetrical, with equal elements, or asymmetrical, with unequal elements.
• Movement shows the appearance and feel of motion and directs the viewer's attention.
• Rhythm suggests motion through skillful positioning of recurring elements to produce a beat.
• Contrast refers to differences of values, colors, textures, and shapes, adding visual excitement.
• Emphasis represents the principle of the focal point, which can be a color, shape, or line.
• Pattern is when shapes, lines, and colors are repeatedly used in a planned way.
• Unity gives an artwork the coherence that makes it feel finished and complete.

History of Art

• Prehistoric Art (40,000 - 4,000 BC) relied on natural pigments, stone carvings, and wall/cave paintings
• Artworks include Lascaux Cave paintings in France

Sections of Lascaux Cave Paintings

• "The Great Hall of the Bulls"
• "The Chamber of Felines"
• "The Shaft of the Dead Man" Other prehistoric pieces:
• Venus of Willendorf in Austria.
• Stonehenge in Salisbury Plain Wiltshire, England.
• Medieval Art (500 - 1400) - reflected the darkness of the Dark Ages with grotesque imagery.
• Characteristics of Medieval artwork:
  • Centered around the Church.
  • Adorned windows and silhouettes with biblical subjects.
  • Sometimes included scenes from classical mythology.
• Included Gothic Architectures - a European style valuing height and intricate aesthetics.
• Renaissance Art (1400 - 1600): was a period of "rebirth" in arts, science, and culture, including the significant invention of the printing press.

Famous Renaissance Artists

• Leonardo Da Vinci (1452 - 1519): was the ultimate "Renaissance Man" who epitomized Renaissance humanism.
• Best known artworks:
  • Mona Lisa (1503-05).
  • The Virgin of the Rocks (1485).
  • The Last Supper (1495 -98)
• Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 - 1564) - the preeminent sculptor of the High Renaissance.
• Best known sculptures:
  • Pieta.
  • David.
  • The Sistine Chapel ceiling
• Raffaello Sanzio Da Urbino - of the three great High Renaissance masters.
• Donata Di Niccolò Di Betto Bardi (1386 - 1466): one of the best-known sculptors of the Renaissance.
• The Baroque Art movement (1660 - 1750) - shows over-the-top visual arts and architecture, characterized by grandeur and richness.

Key features of the Baroque Movement

• Highly decorative and detailed.
• Stylistically complex.

Famous Baroque Artists

• Michelangelo Caravaggio - Father of Baroque Painting.
• Most known works are:
  • Bacchus.
  • Medusa.
  • Judith Beheading Holofernes.
• Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn - Greatest painter in European Art and Master of Baroque Style.
• Most important artworks are:
  • The Storm on the Sea of Galilee.
  • The Night Watch.
• Johannes Vermeer.
• Best known works are:
  • Girl with a pearl earring.
  • View of Delft.
• Nicolas Poussin - Leader of the French Baroque Period and Founder of the French Classical Tradition
• Most known works are:
  • A dance to the music of time.
  • The triumph of Pan.

Romantic Art

• Shows dramatic composition.
• Indicates emotional extremes.
• Celebrates nature as out of control.
  • Famous Romantic Artists:
    • Jean Louis Theodore Gercault - best known for "The Raft of Medusa".
    • Eugene Delacroix - the greatest French Romantic Painter.
      • Best known for Liberty Leading the People"

Modern Art or "Modern Art Era"

• Shows "Impressionism", which is outdoors and spontaneously "on the spot".

Famous Impressionism Artists

• Edouard Manet.
  • Best known for:
    • Rue Mshier Decked with Flag.
    • Argenteuil.
    • The Bar at the Folies-Bergere.
• Claude Monet - known as a Pioneer of Impressionism
  • Best known for:
    • Water Lilies.
    • Impressionism Sunrise.

The Post-impressionism Art Movement

• Emphasizes the realistic representation of light and color.

Famous Post-impressionism Artists

• Paul Cezanne - considered Father of Modern Art.
• Vincent Van Gogh Best known for:
  • Starry Night.
  • Still life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers.
  • Bedroom at Aries.
  • Wheat Field with Cypresses.

The Expressionism Art Movement

• Aims to have inner feelings or emotions through art

Famous Expressionism Artists

• Edvard Munch best known for the painting "The Scream"

Cubism Art Movement

• Uses arrangement of geometrical forms to represent what is seen
  • Famous Cubism Artists:
    • Pablo Picasso - considered Father of Cubism and Blue Period.
      • Most known for:
        • Guernica.
        • Weeping Woman.
        • The Old Guitarist.

Abstract Expressionism Movement

• Pioneer of abstract expressionism
  • Famous Artists:
    • Jackson Pollock.

Surrealism Art Movement

• Famous Artists:
  • Salvador Dali - known as Pioneer of Surrealism
    • Created "Persistence of Memory."
• Philippine Prehistoric Art - includes the Angono Petroglyphs.
• Most known artworks that contains 127 figural carvings, is engraved on the wall of a shallow cave of volcanic tuff in the Philippines.

Filipino Artists

• Ben Cabrera
  • Most known for:
    • Sabel Series.
    • From Hillman to Sergeant.
• Jose Joya.
  • Mixed media artist famous for abstract expression
    • famous for "Granadean Arabesque."
• Alfonso Ossorio known for "The Congregation and the Angry Christ."
• Emmanuel Garibay his paintings display are a deep demonstration of social and political matters.

Filipino National artist

• Fernando Amorsolo- referred to as the "grand old man of Philippine art" and Pioneer of Impressionism. Most known for; -First baptism in the Philippines -President Emilio Aguinaldo -Our Lady of Light

  • Planting Rice

• Carlos "Botong" Francisco Artist known for tropical lush and vibrant color.

• National Artist of Agono

• Works consists of:

  • Harana
  • Bayanihan
  • Kamote Diggers

• Victorio Edades - Father of Modern Art/ Modernism and Pioneer of Expressionism of Visual art

  • Famous works include;
    • Portrait of the Professor
    • The Artist Model

• Guillermo Tolentino Father of Philippines

  • Famous works
    • UP Oblation
    • Bonifacio monument

• Jose Nepomuceno -Father of Philippines Movies

  • Dalagang Bukid

• Salvador Bemal - Father of Theater Design in the Philippines

• Ramon Valera -Father of Philippines Fashion

• Napalean Abueva -Father of Modern Sculpture

• Eduardo Castrillo

  • Famous for
    • Transfiguration
    • Mother and child

• Fernando Zobel Still life with palm tree -known to watercolour

• Ang kiukok -pieta Painting; won for him a bronze medal in first international exhibiton in Saigon

• Abdulmari lamo -Known for Sculptor in Mindanao - Sarimanok

  • The man and the women

• Arturo Luz

• Calo Ocampo Known as the cubist painter -The brown of madonna -The river of light

• Manule Rodgriuez sr

  • Pioneer Painting Philippines

• Vicente Manansala

  • Cubis Paintings
  • Famous for; -Madonna fo the Slums

• Filipino Artists -Antonio Toledo

  • Agriculture and Finance building
    • Luneta -Antonio Velasquez -Father Philippine Comics
    • Kenkoy

• Eduardo Masferre -First Philippine photography -Fabian dela Rosa -First directors dean of Fine art in UP

• Francisco coching King of comics Dean of Filipinos Illustrator

• Francisco Manosa Architect of Coconut plan

• Jorge Ramos

  • Architect of phil Hreat Center

• Juan Arellano Architect famous

  • Manila Metropolitan thearter -Juan Nakpil
  • Quiopa Church in 1930

• Leandro Varcim -Commissioned by Marcelus

• Nell Doricon Philippine CCP and PICC.

• Nestro Redondo created Dc comics and narvel comies

• Ray paze contreras artist for using urban Materials and ecoloogical.

• Tomas Mapua President for mapping institute

• Mars Ravelo- Artist for phil Normal school/university -Famous for Dysebel

• ldefonso santos landScape art

• Amilia Lapena Bonifacio - grand Dame of southest asia

Triumvirante of modern Art famous

• Victorio Edafes

• Callo OcamPo

• brown Madona -River of Light Carlos botang Francisco

• National Art -Famous for kamote digers.

Other Notable Artist

• Damiam domino

• Juan Luna

• Felix Las virgines Cristiana exposed to Madrid

• Anita Maysay sociAL realisim

• Vendors

• Onib Olmeden expereniss Artist

• -- LanbertonHechanova Prospeclous

• --ART Farma Fresco: Painting water basic materials

Mosaics

• patterns arranging small colours

Stained glass

• hasbeen colored metallic

• -- ARCHITECTURES. _ Murals wait painting

• -- LithgGeraphy means write ar draw

• --TECHING

• --- ART STYLE impession

• --- Surrealizm -- SUCouncious mind

• -- social Problern

• --- pop -inspried from ads commies comic

• --- reaiem natural approach"

• ---exprellon inner emotings

• -- Abstait imagery - non

• ---Anti Aggresive.

• -- Graffiti

• -- Culrisma GeometricAl

Forms of writing

• -Oldest cuneiform

• ---callipgrahy chinease

• --- Higrographics egptions

• Alibata Philippine

• -Fucntions of Art

• Social colbalvate and communitese

• ulittam purpose ~Cultural transmit Teshniques m Paunting

• fiesoo

• enastic

• acrylic tempera water cooler contratosto Arrangement

Camvasgio painter late 1800 chian oscuro -light stumato softeiung

processes in seultures Subtractive removing Additive welding proess modeing claY Casting

samta famoius sculpting spanish period

ma piano modnim

obersik monumient

Style spain

Writen Churhes

• • Basilica hauls and
• . remple place and
• • Patheom all the word Buddhg statue suniviving
• Phioias create

jeep ney indigence bunrakue pappetry

• kibona a fower
• Origami papaer folhing West end equivilent rahuh House Vakul hgad Gear

cabbee Bashet Frults Dragon Celibrati

• las Rimos organ.

• --- Mero Moro chistiams

• -- Zaruola SPanish. Bodadil Americams .

• creative intenput Timalalk . fabric linalal ilocano lufid womem

Rama Haw indian

• Kalinga lapiz reprents
• red braveiy greem vallg
• yellow nice feilids
• blaek son

. Arl education 1 Sensony 2 exploratry 3 playful