Elements of a Short Story

Elements of A Short Story

• Five key elements: Characters, Setting, Conflict, Theme, Plot.

Characters

• Definition: A person or animal involved in the action of a short story.
• Understanding characters through:
  • Physical descriptions provided by the author.
  • Actions and behaviors (e.g. thoughtful, introverted, humble).
  • Dialogue and choice of words (e.g. disrespectful).
  • Inner thoughts of the character.
  • Perspectives of other characters about them.

Setting

• Definition: The time and place where the story unfolds.
• Techniques for establishing setting:
  • Descriptions of landscapes, scenery, and buildings.
  • Seasonal changes and weather conditions.

Theme

• Definition: The underlying meaning of events/actions in the story.
• Characteristics of theme:
  • Represents a central idea, message, or purpose.
  • Distinct from plot summary; provides broader insights about people or life.
  • Can be conveyed directly or indirectly throughout the narrative.

Conflict

• Definition: A problem or struggle characters face within the narrative.
• Types of conflict:
  • External: Involves interaction with others or the environment.
  • Internal: Takes place within a character’s mind/emotions.
• Common struggles include:
  • Against another character.
  • Against nature or external forces.
  • Against societal norms.
  • Internal struggles involving emotions, feelings, or illness.

Plot

• Definition: A sequence of events and character actions linked to the central conflict.
• Five elements of plot:
  • Exposition: Introduces characters and background information.
  • Rising Action: Events leading to the climax, increasing tension.
  • Climax: The turning point and most exciting moment in the story.
  • Falling Action: Events following the climax, leading to resolution.
  • Resolution: Where loose ends are tied up; may sometimes end in a cliffhanger.