16 Questions
What is the characteristic of metals in terms of heat and electricity?
Good conductors
What type of ions do non-metal atoms form?
Anions
What is the term for elements that exist as two atoms bonded together?
Diatomic
What is the number of protons and neutrons that remains unchanged for atoms and their ions?
Protons and neutrons
What is the name of the ion formed when ₁₁Na loses 1 electron?
Sodium
What is the characteristic of non-metals in terms of their physical appearance?
Dull and brittle
What is the term for the positively charged ions formed by metal atoms?
Cations
What group of elements does not form ions?
Noble Gases
What is the characteristic of a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances?
It consists of one type of atom
What is the smallest particle in a compound?
A molecule
What is the process by which the components of a mixture can be separated?
Magnetic separation
What is the difference between the chemical properties of a mixture and a compound?
The chemical properties of a compound are different from those of its constituent elements
What happens when a compound is formed?
A chemical reaction occurs
What is the characteristic of the composition of a mixture?
The components can be mixed in any proportion
What is a molecular element?
A combination of atoms of the same element
What is the characteristic of a compound?
It can be broken down into elements or simpler compounds only by chemical processes
Study Notes
Elements
- An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances by any means.
- An element consists of one type of atom.
- Most elements are monatomic, but some are diatomic (ending with 'gen' or 'ine', e.g., hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen).
Metals and Non-Metals
- Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat, lustrous, sonorous, malleable, and ductile.
- Metals have very high melting and boiling points and are usually solid at room temperature (except mercury).
- Metals form +ions by releasing their outermost electrons.
- Non-metals are insulators (except graphite), dull, and brittle, with low melting and boiling points (except graphite, diamond, and silica).
- Non-metals form -ions by gaining electrons.
Groups and Periods
- Columns in the periodic table are called groups, determined by the number of outermost electrons.
- Rows in the periodic table are called periods, determined by the number of shells in the atom.
Ions
- The number of protons and neutrons remains unchanged for atoms and their ions.
- Cations are formed when metal atoms lose all their outermost electrons, and anions are formed when non-metal atoms gain electrons to have full shells.
- Examples of cations: Na⁺ (sodium ion), Mg²⁺ (magnesium ion), Al³⁺ (aluminium ion).
- Examples of anions: P³⁻ (phosphide ion), S²⁻ (sulfide ion), Cl⁻ (chloride ion).
- The names of ions end with '-ide'.
Ionic Bonding and Compounds
- Ionic bonding occurs between metal and non-metal atoms that form ions with opposite charges.
- A compound is a pure substance containing different types of atoms/elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
- The smallest particle in a compound is a molecule or an ion.
- A compound can be broken down into elements or simpler compounds by chemical processes (e.g., thermal decomposition or electrolysis).
Molecules
- Molecules are combinations of atoms held together by covalent bonding.
- There are two kinds of molecules: molecular elements (e.g., H₂, O₂) and molecular compounds (e.g., combinations of different types of atoms).
This quiz covers the basics of elements, properties of metals and non-metals, and their characteristics. Learn about conductors, luster, malleability, and more!
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