Elementary Transformations of Matrices

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Questions and Answers

Given matrix A = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \ -1 & 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$, what is the resulting matrix after applying the row operation $R_1 \leftrightarrow R_2$?

  • $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \ 0 & 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$
  • $\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 3 \ 1 & 0 \ \end{bmatrix}$ (correct)
  • $\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0 \ 1 & 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$
  • $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 \ 0 & 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$

Given matrix B = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 3 \ 2 & 5 & 4 \ \end{bmatrix}$, what is the resulting matrix after applying the row operation $R_1 \rightarrow R_1 - R_2$?

  • $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4 & 7 \ 2 & 5 & 4 \ \end{bmatrix}$
  • $\begin{bmatrix} -1 & -6 & -1 \ 2 & 5 & 4 \ \end{bmatrix}$ (correct)
  • $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 3 \ -1 & -6 & -1 \ \end{bmatrix}$
  • $\begin{bmatrix} -1 & -6 & -1 \ 0 & 0 & 0 \ \end{bmatrix}$

Given matrix A = $\begin{bmatrix} 5 & 4 \ 1 & 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$, what is the resulting matrix after applying the column operation $C_1 \leftrightarrow C_2$?

  • $\begin{bmatrix} 4 & 5 \ 3 & 1 \ \end{bmatrix}$ (correct)
  • $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1 \ 4 & 5 \ \end{bmatrix}$
  • $\begin{bmatrix} 5 & 1 \ 4 & 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$
  • $\begin{bmatrix} 4 & 3 \ 5 & 1 \ \end{bmatrix}$

Given matrix B = $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1 \ 4 & 5 \ \end{bmatrix}$, what is the resulting matrix after applying the row operation $R_1 \leftrightarrow R_2$?

<p>$\begin{bmatrix} 4 &amp; 5 \ 3 &amp; 1 \ \end{bmatrix}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given matrix A = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & -1 \ 0 & 1 & 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$, what is the resulting matrix after applying the column operation $2C_2$?

<p>$\begin{bmatrix} 1 &amp; 4 &amp; -1 \ 0 &amp; 2 &amp; 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given matrix B = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 2 \ 2 & 4 & 5 \ \end{bmatrix}$, what is the resulting matrix after applying the row operation $-3R_1$?

<p>$\begin{bmatrix} -3 &amp; 0 &amp; -6 \ 2 &amp; 4 &amp; 5 \ \end{bmatrix}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Matrix A = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 3 \ 2 & 1 & 0 \ 3 & 3 & 1 \ \end{bmatrix}$ undergoes the operation $3R_3$ and then $C_3 + 2C_2$. What transformation occurs to the element in the third row and third column?

<p>Multiplied by 3, then increased by 6. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Matrix A = $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 3 \ 2 & 1 & 0 \ 3 & 3 & 1 \ \end{bmatrix}$ undergoes the operation $C_3 + 2C_2$ and then $3R_3$. What transformation occurs to the element in the third row and third column?

<p>Increased by 6, then multiplied by 3. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If matrix A is transformed by $3R_3$ and then $C_3 + 2C_2$, and matrix B is transformed by $C_3 + 2C_2$ and then $3R_3$, and both A and B are initially identical, what difference will always exist between the final matrices?

<p>The elements in row 3 will be different. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when applying elementary row operations to a matrix to convert it into an upper triangular matrix?

<p>To make all elements below the main diagonal zero. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elementary row operation is used to transform the matrix $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 \ 2 & 3 \ \end{bmatrix}$ into the identity matrix $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \ 0 & 1 \ \end{bmatrix}$?

<p>Replacing $R_2$ with $R_2 - 2R_1$, then scaling rows. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When transforming a matrix into an upper triangular matrix using column operations, what is the target value for elements below the main diagonal?

<p>0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following operations does not change the solution set of a system of linear equations represented by a matrix?

<p>Adding a constant to every element in a row. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a 3x3 matrix. What is the maximum number of elementary row operations needed to transform it into reduced row echelon form?

<p>It depends on the specific matrix values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If applying a series of elementary row operations to matrix A results in matrix B, what can be said about the determinants of A and B?

<p>They are equal in magnitude but may differ in sign. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elementary operations will preserve the rank of a matrix?

<p>Swapping two rows. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of multiplying a row of a matrix by a scalar $k$ on the determinant of the matrix?

<p>The determinant is multiplied by $k$. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a matrix that represents a system of linear equations, under what condition is the system guaranteed to have a unique solution after row reduction?

<p>If the row-reduced form has a leading one in every column. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using elementary row operations in solving systems of linear equations?

<p>To isolate variables and simplify the system without changing the solution set. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a valid elementary row operation?

<p>Replacing a row with a multiple of another row. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Elementary Transformation

An operation performed on a matrix which includes interchanging rows or columns, multiplying a row or column by a scalar, or adding a multiple of one row/column to another.

Row Interchange

Interchanging the positions of two rows in a matrix.

Column Interchange

Interchanging the positions of two columns in a matrix.

Upper Triangular Matrix

A matrix in which all elements below the main diagonal are zero.

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Identity Matrix

A square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere.

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Study Notes

  • Exercise 2.1 focuses on applying elementary transformations to matrices.

Problem 1

  • For matrix A = [[1, 0], [-1, 3]], perform the row operation R1 ↔ R2, which means swapping row 1 and row 2.
  • For matrix B = [[1, -1, 3], [2, 5, 4]], perform the row operation R1 → R1 - R2, which means replacing row 1 with (row 1 - row 2).

Problem 3

  • For matrix A = [[5, 4], [1, 3]], perform the column operation C1 ↔ C2, which means swapping column 1 and column 2.
  • For matrix B = [[3, 1], [4, 5]], perform the row operation R1 ↔ R2, which means swapping row 1 and row 2.
  • Requires observation after performing the operations.

Problem 4

  • Given matrix A = [[1, 2, -1], [0, 1, 3]], perform the column operation 2C2, which means multiplying column 2 by 2.
  • Given matrix B = [[1, 0, 2], [2, 4, 5]], perform the row operation -3R1, which means multiplying row 1 by -3.
  • Find the addition of the two new matrices after the operations.

Problem 5

  • Given matrix A = [[1, -1, 3], [2, 1, 0], [3, 3, 1]], perform the row operation 3R3, which means multiplying row 3 by 3, and then perform the column operation C3 + 2C2, which means adding 2 times column 2 to column 3.

Problem 6

  • Given matrix A = [[1, -1, 3], [2, 1, 0], [3, 3, 1]], perform the column operation C3 + 2C2, which means adding 2 times column 2 to column 3, and then perform the row operation 3R3, which means multiplying row 3 by 3.

Problem 7

  • Conclude from the exercises 5 and 6 what happens when the order operations is swapped
  • Use a suitable transformation to convert the matrix [[1, 2], [3, 4]] into an upper triangular matrix.

Problem 8

  • Convert the matrix [[1, -1], [2, 3]] into an identity matrix using suitable row transformations.

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