Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following elements exists as a gas at 25°C and 1 atmosphere?
Gases have a tendency to mix evenly when confined to the same container.
True
What is the boiling point of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) at standard conditions?
26°C
The standard unit of pressure measurement is ______.
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Match the following gases with their boiling points:
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What is the pressure in atmospheres in the cabin if the barometer reading is 688 mmHg?
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Boyle's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.
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What is the formula for the Ideal Gas Equation?
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The temperature must be in __________ when using Charles' law.
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Match the gas laws with their corresponding relationships:
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Study Notes
Elemental Gases
- Elements that exist as gases at 25°C and 1 atmosphere are considered elemental gases.
Common Gases
- Several elements exist as gases at 1 atm and 25°C, including:
- H2 (molecular hydrogen)
- N2 (molecular nitrogen)
- O2 (molecular oxygen)
- O3 (ozone)
- F2 (molecular fluorine)
- Cl2 (molecular chlorine)
- He (helium)
- Ne (neon)
- Ar (argon)
- Kr (krypton)
- Xe (xenon)
- Rn (radon)
- Several compounds are also gases at 1 atm and 25°C, including:
- HF (hydrogen fluoride)
- HCL (hydrogen chloride)
- HBr (hydrogen bromide)
- HI (hydrogen iodide)
- CO (carbon monoxide)
- CO2 (carbon dioxide)
- CH4 (methane)
- C2H2 (acetylene)
- NH3 (ammonia)
- NO (nitric acid)
- NO2 (nitrogen dioxide)
- N2O (nitrous oxide)
- SO2 (sulfur dioxide)
- SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride)
- H2S (hydrogen sulfide)
- HCN (hydrogen cyanide)
Physical Characteristics of Gases
- Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers.
- Gases are the most compressible state of matter.
- Gases mix evenly and completely when confined to the same container.
- Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids.
Factors Affecting Gases
- Key factors influencing gas behavior include:
- Pressure (atm)
- Volume (L)
- Temperature (°K)
- Number of moles (n)
Pressure
- Pressure is defined as force per unit area.
- Units of Pressure:
- 1 pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m^2
- 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
- 1 atm = 101,325 Pa
Manometers
- Manometers are used to measure gas pressures.
- Two types of manometers exist: closed-tube and open-tube.
Boyle’s Law
- States that at constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
- The mathematical expression is: P1V1 = P2V2
Charles’s and Gay-Lussac’s Law
- States that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
- Mathematical expression is: V1/T1 = V2/T2
Avogadro’s Law
- States that at constant pressure and temperature, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.
- Mathematical expression is: V1/n1 = V2/n2
Ideal Gas Equation
- Combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's laws into a single equation:
- PV = nRT
- Where:
- P is pressure (atm)
- V is volume (L)
- n is the number of moles
- R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L ‧ atm/mol ‧ K)
- T is the absolute temperature (K)
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
- Standard temperature and pressure are defined as 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm.
- At STP, 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.414 L.
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Description
Test your knowledge on elemental gases that exist at 25°C and 1 atmosphere. This quiz covers common gases, their molecular structures, and some important gaseous compounds. Challenge yourself to identify and understand the characteristics of various gases.
