Electrotherapy and Related Modalities Quiz

False

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>11m</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2450</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve or produce functional movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.1 - 0.7 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>faradic threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key conditions include preserving functional proximal muscles, maintaining good skin condition for electrodes, and avoiding severe spasticity or muscle retractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endurance training is emphasized because slow fibers are the first to be damaged in neurological injuries, necessitating their preservation and enhancement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ramping up and down allows for progressive contraction and relaxation, which helps prevent antagonistic muscle spasms caused by sudden stretches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implanted electrodes are more invasive and may require surgery, presenting risks if the surgery fails, while surface electrodes offer ease of use and are non-invasive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Hybrid system' refers to the combination of FES with orthoses, allowing for enhanced mobility solutions such as standing and gait devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high voltage causes the crystal to expand and collapse, generating shock waves in the surrounding water medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focused ESWT has maximum EFD at the target point, while radial ESWT has maximum EFD at the source and does not reach the target specifically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focused ESWT penetrates deeply at the focal point (over 5 cm), while radial ESWT is superficial and primarily affects the skin surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Types of applicators include direct beam for muscles and connective tissues, acupuncture points, planar waves, and radial waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RSWT has much lower compressive (P+) and tensile (P-) phases and a longer pulse duration compared to ESWT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is defined as less than 1000 Hz and involves pulsed or uninterrupted stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronaxie is the best pulse duration needed to stimulate muscle, requiring higher intensities in cases of denervation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SD curves illustrate the relationship between current amplitude and pulse durations necessary to create action potentials in nerve fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An external electrical stimulus requires increased intensity to achieve the same muscle activation threshold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UHF therapy operates at a frequency of 434 MHz and is a non-contact therapy effective at increasing skin temperature up to 6 cm deep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The normal value for rehobase is between 1 to 10 mA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shockwave therapy has a maximum duration of 10 ns and operates at a frequency of 16-20 MHz, unlike conventional ultrasound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-3 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accommodation capacity is affected by the state of Na+ channels and the Na+/K+ pump.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurapraxia is a temporary loss of sensory functions due to signaling damage, lasting about 6-8 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100-700 µs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates normal accommodation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In axonotmesis, the axon is damaged but connective tissue remains intact, allowing for a regeneration rate of 1-2 mm per day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High and short pulse durations lead to hypoexcitability, while low and long pulse durations cause hyperexcitability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotmesis involves damage to both the axon and connective tissues, leading to an inability to recover completely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Therapeutic ultrasound uses a power of $0.5 ext{ W/cm}^2$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrotherapy is indicated for painful areas, contractures, acute inflamed areas, and myofascial trigger points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound generates a piezoelectric effect in bone, converting mechanical energy into electrical current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main classifications of ESWT are focused and radial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum duration time for a pressure wave in ESWT is $10 ext{ ns}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraindications for ultrasound therapy include conditions like infections, tumors, or areas with impaired sensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A coupling medium is essential for mechanical energy transmission and absorption during focused ESWT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard aqua sonic gel is used with radial type applicators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous ultrasound is recommended for chronic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum depth of penetration for 1 MHz ultrasound is 4 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pulse ratio of 1:1 corresponds to a 50% duty cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One precaution is to avoid using ultrasound on recent fractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A contraindication is the presence of a malignant area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soundhead should be kept stationary over the targeted tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dynamic technique involves slow, overlapping movements of the soundhead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The water should be boiled and brought to body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers