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Questions and Answers
Electrostatics is defined as the study of:
Electrostatics is defined as the study of:
- Electric charges in motion and their associated magnetic fields.
- The behavior of semiconductors and their applications in devices.
- Electric charges at rest, the forces between them, and the electric fields associated with them. (correct)
- The continuous flow of electric charge and energy transfer.
According to the principle of conservation of charge, what statement is correct?
According to the principle of conservation of charge, what statement is correct?
- The total charge in an isolated system is constant. (correct)
- The net charge in an isolated system can increase over time due to external forces.
- The total charge in an isolated system is constantly changing and unpredictable.
- Charge can be created or destroyed depending on the temperature of the system.
What is the term for the phenomenon where any electric charge, q, occurs as integer multiples of the elementary charge, e?
What is the term for the phenomenon where any electric charge, q, occurs as integer multiples of the elementary charge, e?
- Polarization
- Capacitance
- Quantization (correct)
- Induction
What represents the magnitude of the elementary charge?
What represents the magnitude of the elementary charge?
In what units is electric charge measured?
In what units is electric charge measured?
According to Coulomb's Law, what is the relationship between the force between two point charges and the distance separating them?
According to Coulomb's Law, what is the relationship between the force between two point charges and the distance separating them?
Coulomb's Law describes the force between two point charges. What type of quantity best describes this force?
Coulomb's Law describes the force between two point charges. What type of quantity best describes this force?
In the context of electrostatics, what is the effect of doubling the distance between two point charges on the electrostatic force between them?
In the context of electrostatics, what is the effect of doubling the distance between two point charges on the electrostatic force between them?
In applying Coulomb's law, when is it appropriate to ignore the sign of the charges involved?
In applying Coulomb's law, when is it appropriate to ignore the sign of the charges involved?
Two charges, +q and -q, are placed a certain distance apart. What will happen to the force if both charges are doubled?
Two charges, +q and -q, are placed a certain distance apart. What will happen to the force if both charges are doubled?
Two point charges of +3 μC and -4 μC are 2 mm apart. What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between them, given Coulomb's constant $k = 9 \times 10^9 Nm^2/C^2$?
Two point charges of +3 μC and -4 μC are 2 mm apart. What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between them, given Coulomb's constant $k = 9 \times 10^9 Nm^2/C^2$?
Two identical positive charges, each with a magnitude of 5 μC, are separated by a distance of 10 cm. What is the direction of the electrostatic force on each charge?
Two identical positive charges, each with a magnitude of 5 μC, are separated by a distance of 10 cm. What is the direction of the electrostatic force on each charge?
Two point charges are initially 4 cm apart. If the distance between them is increased to 12 cm, by what factor does the electrostatic force between them change?
Two point charges are initially 4 cm apart. If the distance between them is increased to 12 cm, by what factor does the electrostatic force between them change?
If two charges of +4 C and -6 C are separated by a distance of 3 m, what is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between them? (Assume $k = 9 \times 10^9 Nm^2/C^2$)
If two charges of +4 C and -6 C are separated by a distance of 3 m, what is the magnitude of the electrostatic force between them? (Assume $k = 9 \times 10^9 Nm^2/C^2$)
Two identical conducting spheres are charged to +50 nC and -10 nC, and then brought into contact and separated. What is the final charge on each sphere?
Two identical conducting spheres are charged to +50 nC and -10 nC, and then brought into contact and separated. What is the final charge on each sphere?
Three charges are arranged along a line. Charge $q_1$ is +5 μC, and $q_2$ is -3 μC and is located 0.2 m to the right of $q_1$. Charge $q_3$ is +2 μC and is located 0.3 m to the right of $q_2$. What is the net electrostatic force on $q_2$?
Three charges are arranged along a line. Charge $q_1$ is +5 μC, and $q_2$ is -3 μC and is located 0.2 m to the right of $q_1$. Charge $q_3$ is +2 μC and is located 0.3 m to the right of $q_2$. What is the net electrostatic force on $q_2$?
Three point charges are located at the corners of an equilateral triangle. If all charges are positive, what is the direction of the net electrostatic force on one of the charges?
Three point charges are located at the corners of an equilateral triangle. If all charges are positive, what is the direction of the net electrostatic force on one of the charges?
A charge of +2.0 C and a charge of -1.0 C are separated by 1.0 km. If the sizes of the objects are small, find the attractive force that either charge exerts on the other.
A charge of +2.0 C and a charge of -1.0 C are separated by 1.0 km. If the sizes of the objects are small, find the attractive force that either charge exerts on the other.
Two point charges, $q_1$ = -20 nC and $q_2$ = 90 nC, are separated by a distance of 4.0 cm. Calculate the electric force on $q_2$ due to $q_1$.
Two point charges, $q_1$ = -20 nC and $q_2$ = 90 nC, are separated by a distance of 4.0 cm. Calculate the electric force on $q_2$ due to $q_1$.
Two point charges, $q_1$ = -4.0 $\mu$C, and $q_2$ = 3.0 $\mu$C. $q_2$ is located along the x-axis a distance 0.2m to the right of $q_1$. In which direction does the net electrostatic force on $q_1$ point?
Two point charges, $q_1$ = -4.0 $\mu$C, and $q_2$ = 3.0 $\mu$C. $q_2$ is located along the x-axis a distance 0.2m to the right of $q_1$. In which direction does the net electrostatic force on $q_1$ point?
Two point charges, $q_1$ = -4.0 $\mu$C, and $q_2$ = 6 C are located along the x-axis. $q_2$ is located a distance 3.0 cm to the right of $q_1$. Calculate the magnitude of net electrostatic force exerted on $q_2$.
Two point charges, $q_1$ = -4.0 $\mu$C, and $q_2$ = 6 C are located along the x-axis. $q_2$ is located a distance 3.0 cm to the right of $q_1$. Calculate the magnitude of net electrostatic force exerted on $q_2$.
Three charges lie along the x-axis. $q_1$ = 2 C is located at the origin. $q_2$ = 4C is located 3.0 cm to the right of $q_1$. $q_3$ = 6C is located a further 5.0 cm to the right of $q_2$. Calculate the net electric force exerted on $q_2$.
Three charges lie along the x-axis. $q_1$ = 2 C is located at the origin. $q_2$ = 4C is located 3.0 cm to the right of $q_1$. $q_3$ = 6C is located a further 5.0 cm to the right of $q_2$. Calculate the net electric force exerted on $q_2$.
Three charges lie along the x-axis. $q_1$ = 2 C is located at the origin.$q_2$ = 4C is located 3.0 cm to the right of $q_1$. $q_3$ = 6C is located a further 5.0 cm to the right of $q_2$. What is the direction of the electric force exerted on $q_1$?
Three charges lie along the x-axis. $q_1$ = 2 C is located at the origin.$q_2$ = 4C is located 3.0 cm to the right of $q_1$. $q_3$ = 6C is located a further 5.0 cm to the right of $q_2$. What is the direction of the electric force exerted on $q_1$?
Three charges lie along the x-axis. $q_1$ = -1.2 $\mu$C is located at the origin. $q_2$ = +3.7 $\mu$C is located 15 cm to the right of $q_1$. $q_3$ = −2.3 $\mu$C is located a further 10 cm above $q_1$ on the positive y-axis. What is the direction of the electric force exerted on $q_1$?
Three charges lie along the x-axis. $q_1$ = -1.2 $\mu$C is located at the origin. $q_2$ = +3.7 $\mu$C is located 15 cm to the right of $q_1$. $q_3$ = −2.3 $\mu$C is located a further 10 cm above $q_1$ on the positive y-axis. What is the direction of the electric force exerted on $q_1$?
Three charges lie along the x-axis. $q_1$ = -1.2 $\mu$C is located at the origin. $q_2$ = +3.7$\mu$C is located 15 cm to the right of $q_1$. $q_3$ = −2.3 $\mu$C is located a further 10 cm above $q_1$ on the positive y-axis. What is the y-component of the electric force exerted on $q_1$?
Three charges lie along the x-axis. $q_1$ = -1.2 $\mu$C is located at the origin. $q_2$ = +3.7$\mu$C is located 15 cm to the right of $q_1$. $q_3$ = −2.3 $\mu$C is located a further 10 cm above $q_1$ on the positive y-axis. What is the y-component of the electric force exerted on $q_1$?
Three charges lie at the vertices of a triangle. $q_1$ = -1.2 (\mu)C, $q_2$ = +3.7 (\mu)C, $q_3$ = -2.3 (\mu)C. The distances are: r12 = 15 cm, r13 = 10 cm, $\theta$ = 32°. What is the x-component of the electric force exerted on q1?
Three charges lie at the vertices of a triangle. $q_1$ = -1.2 (\mu)C, $q_2$ = +3.7 (\mu)C, $q_3$ = -2.3 (\mu)C. The distances are: r12 = 15 cm, r13 = 10 cm, $\theta$ = 32°. What is the x-component of the electric force exerted on q1?
Three charges lie at the vertices of a triangle. $q_1$ = -1.2 (\mu)C, $q_2$ = +3.7 (\mu)C, $q_3$ = -2.3 (\mu)C. The distances are: r12 = 15 cm, r13 = 10 cm, $\theta$ = 32°. What is the magnitude of the electric force exerted on q1?
Three charges lie at the vertices of a triangle. $q_1$ = -1.2 (\mu)C, $q_2$ = +3.7 (\mu)C, $q_3$ = -2.3 (\mu)C. The distances are: r12 = 15 cm, r13 = 10 cm, $\theta$ = 32°. What is the magnitude of the electric force exerted on q1?
What is the purpose of the constant 'k' in Coulomb's Law?
What is the purpose of the constant 'k' in Coulomb's Law?
Under what conditions is the electrostatic force between two charged particles attractive?
Under what conditions is the electrostatic force between two charged particles attractive?
How does the electrostatic force change if the magnitude of one charge is doubled while the other remains constant?
How does the electrostatic force change if the magnitude of one charge is doubled while the other remains constant?
What is the effect on the electrostatic force if the medium between two charges is changed from vacuum to a material with a higher permittivity?
What is the effect on the electrostatic force if the medium between two charges is changed from vacuum to a material with a higher permittivity?
Why can it be assumed that “Charges are so small, compared to the distance r between them, so that they can be regarded as point like charges”?
Why can it be assumed that “Charges are so small, compared to the distance r between them, so that they can be regarded as point like charges”?
If an object carries a charge of -8.0 x $10^{-19}$ C, how many excess electrons does it have?
If an object carries a charge of -8.0 x $10^{-19}$ C, how many excess electrons does it have?
If the total current transferred is measured to be 1 Coulomb given a current is applied for one second, what is the corresponding current value?
If the total current transferred is measured to be 1 Coulomb given a current is applied for one second, what is the corresponding current value?
What describes the interactions based on the sign of the electric charges?
What describes the interactions based on the sign of the electric charges?
Flashcards
Electrostatics
Electrostatics
The study of electric charges at rest, the forces between them, and the electric fields.
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law
The force (F) between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r).
Coulomb's Law Equation
Coulomb's Law Equation
The force (F) between charges q1 and q2 is proportional to the magnitude of each charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them. F = k * (q1*q2) / r^2
Attractive Force
Attractive Force
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Repulsive Force
Repulsive Force
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Conservation of Charge
Conservation of Charge
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Charge is quantized
Charge is quantized
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Coulomb (C)
Coulomb (C)
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Study Notes
- Electrostatics studies electric charges at rest, the forces between them, and the associated electric fields.
Key Concepts
- Electric charge (q) is a fundamental property with two types: positive and negative.
- Charges of opposite signs attract, while charges of the same sign repel
- The amount of charge carried by a charged particle is measured in Coulombs (C).
- The principle of conservation of charge states that the total charge in an isolated system remains constant.
- Charge is quantized, meaning any electric charge (q) occurs as integer multiples of the elementary charge (e), where e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C. The formula is Q = ne, where n is a positive integer.
- Charge (Q) is a scalar quantity.
- 1 Coulomb = total charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second.
Coulomb's Law
- Coulomb's law describes the force (F) between two point charges (q₁ and q₂)
- This force is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them.
- Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806) studied electrostatics and magnetism, and in 1985 investigated the strengths of materials; identified forces acting on beams.
- Expressed as: F ∝ q₁q₂ and F ∝ 1/r²
- In equation form: F = k * (q₁q₂ / r²), where k is Coulomb's constant.
- SI Unit: Newton (N)
- Vector quantity
- the electrostatic force can be attractive or repulsive.
- Coulomb's constant (k) is 8.9875 × 10⁹ N m² C⁻² (approximately 9.0 × 10⁹ N m² C⁻²), and is given by k = 1 / (4πε₀). ε₀ is the permittivity of free space and is 8.85 × 10⁻¹² C² N⁻¹m⁻².
- In calculations, the sign of the charge is ignored when substituting into Coulomb's law equation to find magnitude, but it is important for determining the direction of the electric force.
Example Problems: Coulomb's Law
- The magnitude of the attractive force: F = (k * q₁q₂) / r² = (9.0 × 10⁹ Nm²/C² * 1.0C * 1.0C) / (1 km²) = 9.0 × 10³ N
- If q₁ = -20nC and q₂ = 90nC, separated by 4.0cm the solutions can be calculated as: F₁₂ = (k * q₁q₂) / r² = 1.01 × 10⁻²N F₂₁= (k * q₂q₁) / r² = 1.01 × 10⁻²N |F₁₂| = |F₂₁| = 1.01 × 10⁻²N
- The direction of forces acting on q₁: F₁₂ = k * (|q₁| * |q₂| / r²) = 9 × 10⁹ Nm²C⁻² * (3×10⁻⁶ C * 4×10⁻⁶ C) / (0.20 m)² = 2.7N
- The direction of forces acting on q₁: F₁₃ = k * (|q₁| * |q₃| / r²) = 9 × 10⁹ Nm²C⁻² * (3×10⁻⁶ C * 7×10⁻⁶ C) / (0.15 m)² = 8.4 N
- Net force if F₁₂ points in the negative-x and F₁₃ points in the positive-x: F = F₁₂ + F₁₃ = (-2.7N) + (8.4N) = +5.7 N (to the right)
- Given Coulomb's constant (k = 9.0 × 10⁹ N m² C⁻²), the solutions can be calculated as: F₂₁ = (k * q₂ * q₁) / r²₂₁ = (9.0 x 109) * 4 * 2 = 8x10¹³ N F₂₃ = (k * q₂ * q₃) / r²₂₃ = (9.0 x 109) * 4 * 6 = 8.64x10¹³ N Magnitude of the net electric force exerted on q₂: F₂ = F₂₁ + F₂₃ = (8 + 8.64) × 10¹³ N = 1.664 × 10¹⁴ N to the right.
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