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Questions and Answers
Which type of group donates electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance or inductive effects, making the π system more nucleophilic?
Which type of group donates electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance or inductive effects, making the π system more nucleophilic?
- Electron withdrawing group (EWG)
- Electron donating group (EDG) (correct)
- Electron releasing group (ERG)
- Electron activating group (EAG)
What effect does an electron withdrawing group (EWG) have on the nucleophilicity of the aromatic ring?
What effect does an electron withdrawing group (EWG) have on the nucleophilicity of the aromatic ring?
- It stabilizes the nucleophilicity
- It increases the nucleophilicity
- It decreases the nucleophilicity (correct)
- It has no effect on the nucleophilicity
What is the effect of steric effects on the activating groups in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions?
What is the effect of steric effects on the activating groups in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions?
- They interfere with the activating effect (correct)
- They enhance the activating effect
- They have no effect on the activating groups
- They stabilize the activating effect
Which property is important in determining the positions on the aromatic ring where substitution reactions are most likely to take place?
Which property is important in determining the positions on the aromatic ring where substitution reactions are most likely to take place?
What does an electron releasing group do to an aromatic ring for electrophilic substitution reactions?
What does an electron releasing group do to an aromatic ring for electrophilic substitution reactions?
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Study Notes
Activating and Deactivating Groups in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
- Electron donating groups (EDGs) donate electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance or inductive effects, making the π system more nucleophilic.
Electron Withdrawing Groups (EWGs)
- EWGs decrease the nucleophilicity of the aromatic ring, making it less reactive.
Steric Effects
- Steric effects hinder the approach of electrophiles to the aromatic ring, reducing the reactivity of the activating groups.
Substitution Reactions
- The distribution of electron density in the aromatic ring is important in determining the positions where substitution reactions are most likely to take place.
Electron Releasing Groups (ERGs)
- ERGs increase the electron density of the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards electrophiles and favouring electrophilic substitution reactions.
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