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Questions and Answers
Which type of group donates electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance or inductive effects, making the π system more nucleophilic?
What effect does an electron withdrawing group (EWG) have on the nucleophilicity of the aromatic ring?
What is the effect of steric effects on the activating groups in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions?
Which property is important in determining the positions on the aromatic ring where substitution reactions are most likely to take place?
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What does an electron releasing group do to an aromatic ring for electrophilic substitution reactions?
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Study Notes
Activating and Deactivating Groups in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
- Electron donating groups (EDGs) donate electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance or inductive effects, making the π system more nucleophilic.
Electron Withdrawing Groups (EWGs)
- EWGs decrease the nucleophilicity of the aromatic ring, making it less reactive.
Steric Effects
- Steric effects hinder the approach of electrophiles to the aromatic ring, reducing the reactivity of the activating groups.
Substitution Reactions
- The distribution of electron density in the aromatic ring is important in determining the positions where substitution reactions are most likely to take place.
Electron Releasing Groups (ERGs)
- ERGs increase the electron density of the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards electrophiles and favouring electrophilic substitution reactions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on how existing substituent groups on an aromatic ring influence reaction rates and product formation in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
