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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a Zener diode?
What is the primary function of a Zener diode?
What type of transistor uses both positive and negative charge carriers?
What type of transistor uses both positive and negative charge carriers?
What is the purpose of the doping step in the fabrication process?
What is the purpose of the doping step in the fabrication process?
What type of Integrated Circuit (IC) processes both analog and digital signals?
What type of Integrated Circuit (IC) processes both analog and digital signals?
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What is the main difference between a rectifier diode and an LED?
What is the main difference between a rectifier diode and an LED?
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In the fabrication process, what step follows layer formation?
In the fabrication process, what step follows layer formation?
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Study Notes
Diodes
- A type of semiconductor device with two terminals (anode and cathode)
- Allows current to flow in one direction but blocks it in the other
- Types:
- Rectifier diodes: convert AC to DC
- Zener diodes: regulate voltage
- LED (Light Emitting Diode): emits light when current flows
- Photodiodes: converts light into electrical current
Transistors
- A type of semiconductor device with three terminals (base, collector, and emitter)
- Amplifies or switches electronic signals
- Types:
- Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs): uses both positive and negative charge carriers
- Field-Effect Transistors (FETs): uses voltage to control current flow
- Unipolar Junction Transistors (UJTs): similar to BJTs but with a single type of charge carrier
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- A set of electronic components (e.g. transistors, diodes, resistors) on a single piece of semiconductor material
- Designed to perform a specific electronic function
- Types:
- Analog ICs: process continuous signals
- Digital ICs: process discrete signals
- Mixed-Signal ICs: process both analog and digital signals
Fabrication Process
- A series of steps to create semiconductor devices:
- Wafer preparation: produce a silicon wafer
- Layer formation: deposit and pattern layers of material (e.g. insulators, conductors, semiconductors)
- Doping: introduce impurities to alter the semiconductor's electrical properties
- Etching: remove material to create patterns
- Metallization: add metal interconnects
- Packaging: assemble and protect the device
Device Physics
- P-N Junction: a region where p-type (positive) and n-type (negative) semiconductor materials meet
- Depletion region: a region near the p-n junction where charge carriers are depleted
- Bandgap energy: the energy difference between the valence and conduction bands of a semiconductor material
- Carrier mobility: the ease with which charge carriers move through a semiconductor material
Diodes
- A diode has two terminals: an anode and a cathode.
- Diodes allow current to flow in one direction but block it in the other.
- Rectifier diodes convert AC to DC.
- Zener diodes regulate voltage.
- LED (Light Emitting Diode) emits light when current flows.
- Photodiodes convert light into electrical current.
Transistors
- A transistor has three terminals: base, collector, and emitter.
- Transistors amplify or switch electronic signals.
- Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) use both positive and negative charge carriers.
- Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) use voltage to control current flow.
- Unipolar Junction Transistors (UJTs) are similar to BJTs but with a single type of charge carrier.
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- ICs are a set of electronic components on a single piece of semiconductor material.
- ICs are designed to perform a specific electronic function.
- Analog ICs process continuous signals.
- Digital ICs process discrete signals.
- Mixed-Signal ICs process both analog and digital signals.
Fabrication Process
- Wafer preparation involves producing a silicon wafer.
- Layer formation involves depositing and patterning layers of material (e.g. insulators, conductors, semiconductors).
- Doping introduces impurities to alter the semiconductor's electrical properties.
- Etching removes material to create patterns.
- Metallization adds metal interconnects.
- Packaging involves assembling and protecting the device.
Device Physics
- A P-N Junction is a region where p-type (positive) and n-type (negative) semiconductor materials meet.
- The depletion region is a region near the p-n junction where charge carriers are depleted.
- Bandgap energy is the energy difference between the valence and conduction bands of a semiconductor material.
- Carrier mobility is the ease with which charge carriers move through a semiconductor material.
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Description
Learn about the basics of diodes and transistors, including their types, functions, and applications in electronics.