Electronics Chapter 5: Band-Pass Filters
40 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a sensor in a biomedical instrumentation system?

  • To convert physical measurands into electric outputs (correct)
  • To amplify the output signal
  • To display the signal in a graphical format
  • To store the acquired data

    • What type of signal is generated by muscles or the brain?

  • Thermal signal
  • Chemical signal
  • Mechanical signal
  • Bioelectric signal (correct)

    • What is a node in a circuit?

  • A connected group of circuit elements
  • A point at which only one circuit element has a connection
  • A circuit element or connected group of circuit elements
  • A point at which two or more circuit elements have a common connection (correct)

    • What is a closed path in a circuit?

    <p>A path that starts and ends at the same node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the analog processing and digital conversion block in a biomedical instrumentation system?

    <p>To convert the signal to digital form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a display device in a biomedical instrumentation system?

    <p>To enable operators to view the signal in a format that is easy to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential node in a circuit?

    <p>A point at which three or more circuit elements have a common connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a calibration signal in a biomedical instrumentation system?

    <p>To apply a signal with known amplitude and frequency content to the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) used for?

    <p>To analyze current in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of storage in a biomedical instrumentation system?

    <p>To enable further processing of the signal at a later time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) used for?

    <p>To analyze voltage in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of output device provides audible output, such as a beeping sound with each heartbeat?

    <p>Audible output device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a mesh in a circuit?

    <p>To define a closed path in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a branch and a node in a circuit?

    <p>A branch connects two or more nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an instrumentation system that acquires 24 hours of ECG data?

    <p>Holter monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many possible cases are there for a circuit element's current and voltage configuration?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem in biological monitoring?

    <p>Power line noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a notch frequency in a band-stop filter?

    <p>To eliminate power line noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inherent noise caused by?

    <p>Random processes fundamental to circuit operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) in a computer?

    <p>To perform arithmetic calculations and logical operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer?

    <p>To direct the functioning of all other units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of low-pass filters in reducing noise?

    <p>To eliminate high-frequency components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't inherent noise be completely eliminated?

    <p>Because it arises from random processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic units of a computer?

    <p>CPU, Memory, and Arithmetic Logic Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of the voltage divider rule circuit?

    <p>To calculate the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the current divider rule circuit?

    <p>To calculate the current through a resistor in a series circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation represented in Figure 9.20?

    <p>I = V/R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Thevenin equivalent circuit in Figure 9.22?

    <p>To simplify complex circuits into a single voltage source and resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the open circuit voltage, Voc, calculated in Figure 9.23?

    <p>By using the node-voltage method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the circuit in Figure 9.27?

    <p>To demonstrate a circuit that cannot be simplified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of the circuit in Figure 9.28?

    <p>To amplify weak signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between an inductor and a capacitor?

    <p>An inductor stores energy in a magnetic field, while a capacitor stores energy in an electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a biomedical instrumentation system?

    <p>To monitor the output of a sensor and extract information from the signals produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of biomedical engineering principles in medical devices?

    <p>To perform electrical measurements and apply electronics engineering principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a band-pass filter?

    <p>It allows a specific frequency interval to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of implantable devices such as pacemakers?

    <p>To control physiological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a second-order and third-order Butterworth low-pass filter?

    <p>The order of the filter affects the frequency response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of biomedical devices in the diagnosis and treatment of disease?

    <p>To monitor patient conditions and acquire information for diagnostic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a noninvasive device such as a blood oxygen monitor?

    <p>It is used to acquire information for diagnostic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a biomedical instrumentation system?

    <p>To monitor the output of a sensor and extract information from the signals produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Voltage Divider Rule and Current Divider Rule

    • Figure 9.18 illustrates a voltage divider rule circuit
    • Figure 9.19 illustrates a current divider rule circuit
    • Ohm's law written in terms of node voltages is shown in Figure 9.20

    Dependent Sources and Equivalent Circuits

    • A dependent voltage source is located between nodes 1 and 2 in Figure 9.21
    • A general circuit consisting of independent and dependent sources can be replaced by a voltage source (Voc) in series with a resistor (REQ) in Figure 9.22
    • The open circuit voltage, Voc, is calculated across the terminals A,B using standard techniques such as the node-voltage method in Figure 9.23
    • The short circuit current, Isc, is calculated by placing a short across the terminals A,B and finding the current through the short using standard techniques such as the node-voltage method in Figure 9.24

    Inductors and Capacitors

    • An inductor is shown in Figure 9.25
    • A circuit with a capacitor is shown in Figure 9.26

    Operational Amplifiers

    • An eight-terminal operational amplifier is shown in Figure 9.28

    Filters

    • A realistic magnitude-frequency response for a band-pass filter is shown in Figure 9.37
    • Note that the magnitude M does not necessarily need to be one, and the passband is defined as the frequency interval when the magnitude is greater than M/2
    • A second-order Butterworth low-pass filter and a third-order Butterworth low-pass filter are shown in Figure 9.38

    Biomedical Instrumentation

    • The purpose of a biomedical instrumentation system is to monitor the output of a sensor(s) and extract information from the signals produced by the sensors
    • Biomedical instruments use a transducer or sensor to convert a signal created by the body into an electric signal
    • Applications include electrical measurements and electronics engineering principles to develop devices used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
    • Biomedical devices are used to monitor patient conditions, acquire information for diagnostic purposes, and control physiological functions

    Basic Instrumentation System

    • A measurand is a quantity, property, or condition measured by an instrumentation system
    • Sensors convert physical measurands into electric outputs, which are then sent to the analog processing and digital conversion block for amplification, filtration, conversion to digital form, and more
    • Display devices enable operators to view the signal in a format that is easy to understand, and can be numerical or graphical, discrete or continuous, and permanent or temporary
    • Storage devices are capable of storing signals, allowing for further processing or examination at a later time

    Calibration

    • A calibration signal is a signal with known amplitude and frequency content applied to the instrumentation system at the sensor's input

    Current and Kirchhoff's Laws

    • A node is a point at which two or more circuit elements have a common connection
    • A branch is a circuit element or connected group of circuit elements
    • A path is a connected group of circuit elements in which none is repeated
    • A closed path is a path that starts and ends at the same node
    • A mesh is a closed path that does not contain any other closed paths within it
    • Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) states that the sum of the currents entering a node is equal to the sum of the currents leaving a node

    Voltage and Kirchhoff's Laws

    • Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of the voltage changes around a closed path is zero
    • Voltage can be calculated using KVL for each closed path

    Power and Energy

    • Power and energy are important concepts in biomedical engineering
    • The 4 possible cases for a circuit element's current and voltage configuration are illustrated in the figure

    Noise

    • Power line noise is a very difficult problem in biological monitoring, and can be reduced using band-stop filters
    • Inherent noise arises from random processes, fundamental to the operation of the circuit's elements, and can be reduced using good circuit design practice
    • Low-pass filters are used to reduce high-frequency components of noise signals

    Computers

    • Computers consist of 3 basic units: central processing unit (CPU), arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), and memory
    • The CPU directs the functioning of all other units and controls the flow of information among units
    • The ALU performs arithmetic calculations and logical operations

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of band-pass filters, magnitude-frequency response, and passband definition. It is based on Chapter 5 of the textbook.

    More Like This

    Band Theory and Semiconductors Quiz
    10 questions

    Band Theory and Semiconductors Quiz

    IngeniousJoy avatar
    IngeniousJoy
    Band of Brothers Episode 3 Flashcards
    5 questions

    Band of Brothers Episode 3 Flashcards

    BeneficentHonor6192 avatar
    BeneficentHonor6192
    Band of Brothers Episode 5 Flashcards
    4 questions

    Band of Brothers Episode 5 Flashcards

    WholesomeVibrance avatar
    WholesomeVibrance
    Band of Brothers Final Review
    35 questions

    Band of Brothers Final Review

    JubilantUvarovite avatar
    JubilantUvarovite
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser