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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the second shell of an atom?
Electrons have a relative mass of 1.
False
What is the configuration of electrons for a sodium atom?
2, 8, 1
Electrons fill the orbitals according to the ______ principle.
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Match the following electronic configurations to the corresponding maximum number of electrons each shell can hold:
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital?
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Electrons will always fill higher energy orbitals before lower energy orbitals.
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What is the electron configuration for Boron, which has 6 electrons?
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In the ground state, calcium has a total of ______ electrons.
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Match the following elements with their number of electrons:
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Study Notes
The Electronic Structure of Atoms
- Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom.
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy shells.
- The number of protons in an atom determines the element.
- Each electron shell can hold a maximum number of electrons.
- The first shell can hold 2 electrons, the second 8, the third 18, and so on.
- The electronic structure of an atom can be represented by a Bohr diagram.
- Electrons in each shell have different energy levels and are further subdivided into sub-shells called orbitals (s, p, d, and f).
- The Aufbau principle states that electrons fill orbitals with the lowest available energy state before filling those with higher energy states.
- Electrons repel each other and fill orbitals singly until all orbitals in a sub-shell have one electron, then they pair up.
- The electronic structure of an element can be written using half arrows to represent each electron in the orbitals.
- For example, the electronic structure of nitrogen (7 electrons) is 1s² 2s² 2p³
- For example, the electronic structure of sodium (11 electrons) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
Electron Configurations
- Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom.
- It can be used to predict how atoms will behave and react.
- It helps understand the properties of elements and their compounds.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of the electronic structure of atoms in this quiz. Understand how protons, neutrons, and electrons interact, and learn about energy shells and the Aufbau principle. Test your knowledge with key concepts such as Bohr diagrams and electron configurations.
