Electron Configuration Rules
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Electron Configuration Rules

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary principle that determines the order in which electrons occupy orbitals in an atom?

  • Aufbau Principle (correct)
  • Pauli's Exclusion Principle
  • Electronegativity
  • Hund's Rule
  • Why do transition metals have more complex electron configurations?

  • Incomplete d subshells (correct)
  • Incomplete p subshells
  • Incomplete f subshells
  • Incomplete s subshells
  • What is the trend in atomic radius across a period?

  • Remains the same
  • Decreases (correct)
  • Increases
  • Is irregular
  • What is the shorthand notation for electron configuration?

    <p>1s² 2s² 2p⁶...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some elements have anomalous electron configurations?

    <p>Due to the relative energies of d and s orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle that states no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers?

    <p>Pauli's Exclusion Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for some elements having more stable electron configurations when subshells are half-filled or fully filled?

    <p>Stability of half-filled and fully filled subshells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in ionization energy across a period?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electron Configuration

    Definition

    • Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels or orbitals.

    Rules for Electron Configuration

    • Aufbau Principle: Electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels.
    • Pauli's Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers (n, l, m, s).
    • Hund's Rule: When filling degenerate orbitals, electrons occupy each orbital singly before pairing up.

    Electron Configuration Notation

    • Shorthand Notation: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ ... (number of electrons in each orbital)
    • Box Diagram: orbitals are represented as boxes, with electrons represented by arrows (↑ for +1/2 spin, ↓ for -1/2 spin)

    Electron Configuration of Atoms

    • First 20 Elements: Follow a regular pattern, with electrons filling orbitals in order of increasing energy.
    • Transition Metals: Electron configuration is more complex, with incomplete d subshells.
    • Lanthanides and Actinides: Electron configuration is even more complex, with incomplete f subshells.
    • Atomic Radius: Decreases across a period, increases down a group due to electron configuration.
    • Electronegativity: Increases across a period, decreases down a group due to electron configuration.
    • Ionization Energy: Increases across a period, decreases down a group due to electron configuration.

    Exceptions to Electron Configuration Rules

    • Half-Filled and Fully Filled Subshells: Some elements have more stable electron configurations when subshells are half-filled or fully filled.
    • d-Block Elements: Some elements have anomalous electron configurations due to the relative energies of d and s orbitals.

    Electron Configuration

    Definition

    • Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels or orbitals.

    Rules for Electron Configuration

    • Aufbau Principle: Electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels.
    • Pauli's Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers (n, l, m, s).
    • Hund's Rule: When filling degenerate orbitals, electrons occupy each orbital singly before pairing up.

    Electron Configuration Notation

    • Shorthand Notation: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶...(number of electrons in each orbital).
    • Box Diagram: orbitals are represented as boxes, with electrons represented by arrows (↑ for +1/2 spin, ↓ for -1/2 spin).

    Electron Configuration of Atoms

    • First 20 Elements: Follow a regular pattern, with electrons filling orbitals in order of increasing energy.
    • Transition Metals: Electron configuration is more complex, with incomplete d subshells.
    • Lanthanides and Actinides: Electron configuration is even more complex, with incomplete f subshells.
    • Atomic Radius: Decreases across a period, increases down a group due to electron configuration.
    • Electronegativity: Increases across a period, decreases down a group due to electron configuration.
    • Ionization Energy: Increases across a period, decreases down a group due to electron configuration.

    Exceptions to Electron Configuration Rules

    • Half-Filled and Fully Filled Subshells: Some elements have more stable electron configurations when subshells are half-filled or fully filled.
    • d-Block Elements: Some elements have anomalous electron configurations due to the relative energies of d and s orbitals.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn the principles of electron configuration including the Aufbau Principle, Pauli's Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule. Understand how electrons occupy energy levels and orbitals in an atom.

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