Electromagnetism Basics

Magnetic Induction

• Magnetic induction is the process by which a magnetic field induces an electric field.
• It is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism.
• Magnetic induction occurs when a conductor is placed in a changing magnetic field.

Faraday's Law of Induction

• Faraday's Law of Induction states that a changing magnetic flux through a loop of wire induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the loop.
• The law is often expressed mathematically as:
  • ε = -N(dΦ/dt)
  • where ε is the induced EMF, N is the number of turns in the loop, and Φ is the magnetic flux.
• The direction of the induced EMF is determined by Lenz's Law.

Electromagnetic Induction

• Electromagnetic induction is the process by which a changing magnetic field induces an electric field.
• It is the basis for many electric devices, including generators, motors, and transformers.
• Electromagnetic induction is a fundamental concept in the design of electrical systems.

Magnetic Force

• Magnetic force is the force exerted by a magnetic field on a moving charge or a current-carrying wire.
• The magnetic force on a moving charge is given by the Lorentz force equation:
  • F = q(E + v x B)
  • where F is the force, q is the charge, E is the electric field, v is the velocity, and B is the magnetic field.
• The magnetic force on a current-carrying wire is given by the Biot-Savart law:
  • F = μI x B
  • where F is the force, μ is the permeability, I is the current, and B is the magnetic field.

Key Concepts

• magnetic flux: the amount of magnetic field that passes through a given area
• electromotive force (EMF): the voltage induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field
• Lenz's Law: the direction of the induced EMF is such that it opposes the change in the magnetic field