Electromagnetic Waves and Spectrum Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who is known as the father of electromagnetic theory?

  • James Clerk Maxwell (correct)
  • Isaac Newton
  • Nikola Tesla
  • Albert Einstein

Diffraction is the process of light bouncing off an object in various directions.

False (B)

What does a spectrometer use to separate light into a spectrum?

diffraction

When molecules move and vibrate, the heat becomes _____.

<p>thermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Diffraction = Bending and spreading of waves around an obstacle Scattering = Light bounces off an object in various directions Thermal energy = Energy emitted from an object due to heat Spectrometer = Device used to separate light into a spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rays carry the most energy and have the shortest wavelengths?

<p>Gamma rays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gamma rays can penetrate deep into tissues and cause damage to cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed to stop gamma rays from penetrating materials?

<p>3-4 feet thick concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gamma rays are released by _______ reactions in nuclear plants.

<p>nuclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following figures with their primary contributions:

<p>Plato = Philosophical discussions about reality Pythagoras = Early work on harmonics and sound waves Gamma rays = Treatment of cancers Dense materials = Stopping gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Michelson determine about the speed of light in empty space?

<p>2.9979 x 10^8 m/s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plank's constant is equal to 3.00 x 10^8 Js.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation that represents the relationship between speed of light, wavelength, and frequency?

<p>c = λf</p> Signup and view all the answers

The energy of a photon can be calculated using the formula e = _____.

<p>hf</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following properties of light with their descriptions:

<p>Light travels in straight lines = Light does not bend around obstacles Light travels very fast = Approximately 300,000 km per second Light travels much faster than sound = We see lightning before we hear thunder Luminous objects = Objects that produce their own light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the scattering of x-rays?

<p>Arthur Compton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luminous objects are defined as those that reflect light.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength range of visible light?

<p>400 nm to 700 nm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Pythagorean followers, what are particles emitted from objects responsible for?

<p>Seeing objects because they reflect light into our eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Absorption occurs when photons from incident light hit atoms and cause them to vibrate.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered X-rays?

<p>Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ultraviolet light has wavelengths ranging from _____ nm to _____ nm.

<p>400, 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an effect of too much UV light exposure?

<p>Production of Vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of electromagnetic radiation with their uses:

<p>Visible light = Allows humans to see Ultraviolet light = Promotes Vitamin D production X-rays = Medical imaging Infrared light = Used for finding people in the dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of excessive exposure to UV light?

<p>Sunburn and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

The frequencies of visible light are higher than those of _____ waves.

<p>infrared</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed a comprehensive mathematical wave theory for light?

<p>Augustin Fresnel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Christian Huygens make significant contributions to the properties of light?

<p>1678</p> Signup and view all the answers

Christian Huygens proposed that light behaves like a _____.

<p>wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon did Thomas Young demonstrate to support the wave theory of light?

<p>Interference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Reflection = The bouncing back of light when it hits a surface Refraction = The bending of light as it passes through different media Shadow = A dark area caused by blocked light Ray model of light = Represents light as traveling in straight lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

James Clerk Maxwell contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves in 1865.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Planck's explanation of EM radiation imply about light?

<p>It is quantized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the behavior of light as it passes through different media?

<p>Refraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Snell's law states that the sine of the angle of incidence is equal to the sine of the angle of refraction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

<p>3.00 x 10^8 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

The index of refraction (n) describes the speed of change in __________.

<p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the gases with their respective indices of refraction:

<p>Air = 1.000 293 Carbon Dioxide = 1.000 45 Oxygen = 1.000 271 Hydrogen = 1.000 73</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of reflection?

<p>Bends the light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the incoming light beam before it hits a boundary?

<p>Incident ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle of refraction is always smaller than the angle of incidence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

James Clerk Maxwell

Scottish physicist who developed the theory of electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic waves

Waves that are made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel at the speed of light.

Electromagnetic spectrum

The range of all electromagnetic radiation, from low-energy radio waves to high-energy gamma rays.

Diffraction

The bending of waves around obstacles.

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Scattering

When light bounces off an object in multiple directions.

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What are gamma rays?

Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelengths and highest energy.

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How do gamma rays interact with matter?

Gamma rays have enough energy to penetrate deep into tissues, causing damage to cells. They are blocked by dense materials like bone.

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Where are gamma rays found and how are they used?

Gamma rays are released by nuclear reactions in nuclear plants, bombs, and naturally occurring elements. They can be used in cancer treatment.

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How did Plato indirectly influence our understanding of electromagnetism?

Plato, while not directly contributing to understanding electromagnetic waves, discussed the nature of reality and perception, providing foundational ideas for later thought on light and optics.

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What was Pythagoras' contribution to our understanding of electromagnetic waves?

Pythagoras' work on harmonics and sound waves, though not directly electromagnetic waves, provided early insight into wave phenomena, crucial for understanding electromagnetic waves.

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Visible Light

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 700 nm (red) to 30 nm (violet).

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Absorption (of light)

The process of atoms and molecules absorbing photons from incident light, causing them to vibrate.

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Ultraviolet (UV) Light

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 10 nm, having higher energy than visible light.

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UV Light & Health

UV light can produce vitamin D in the body, but excessive exposure can lead to sunburn and cancer.

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X-rays

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths from 10 nm to 0.001 nm.

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Discovery of X-rays

X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, expanding the known range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Reflection (of light)

The ability of smooth surfaces, such as mirrors, to reflect almost all incident light.

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Applications of Visible Light

Used to find people in the dark and at airports.

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Who was Michelson?

A scientist who determined the speed of light in a vacuum to be approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.

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What is Compton scattering?

A phenomenon where X-rays interact with matter, resulting in a change in their direction and energy.

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How are electromagnetic waves generated?

Electromagnetic waves are produced by the oscillation of electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other.

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What is the speed of light [c]?

The constant speed at which all electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum.

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What is Planck's constant [h]?

A fundamental constant in physics that relates the energy of a photon to its frequency.

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What is the equation c = λf?

The relationship between the speed of light (c), wavelength (λ), and frequency (f) of an electromagnetic wave.

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What is the equation e = hf?

The relationship between the energy (e) of a photon, Planck's constant (h), and its frequency (f).

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List three properties of light

Light travels in straight lines, is very fast (approximately 300,000 kilometers per second), and travels much faster than sound.

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What is the law of reflection?

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

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What is refraction?

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

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What is the particle model of light?

A model of light that describes light as a stream of particles.

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What is the wave model of light?

A model of light that describes light as a wave.

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What is a shadow?

A region where light is blocked.

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What is the ray model of light?

Christian Huygens proposed this, where light is represented by rays, usually traveling in straight lines.

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Who provided strong support for the wave theory of light, and how?

Thomas Young's experiment in 1801 provided evidence for the wave theory of light by demonstrating interference patterns.

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What did James Clerk Maxwell prove about the nature of light?

James Clerk Maxwell showed that light is an electromagnetic wave, with electric and magnetic fields oscillating.

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Speed of Light

Light travels at a constant speed of 3.00 x 10^8 meters per second in a vacuum.

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Refraction of Light

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, like from air to water.

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Snell's Law

Snell's Law describes the relationship between the angle of incidence (incoming light) and the angle of refraction (bent light) when light passes through a medium.

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Index of Refraction

The index of refraction (n) indicates how much light slows down when passing through a medium. Air has a low index of refraction, while water has a higher one, causing light to bend more.

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Incident Ray & Refracted Ray

The incident ray is the beam of light hitting the boundary of two mediums. The refracted ray is the beam of light after it has passed through the boundary and may have bent.

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Angle of Incidence & Refraction

The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the normal (a line perpendicular to the surface). The angle of refraction is the angle between the refracted ray and the normal.

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What happens to light?

Light can be reflected, absorbed, or refracted. Reflection bounces light back, absorption absorbs light energy, and refraction bends light.

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Study Notes

Electromagnetic Waves

  • Electromagnetic waves are a type of transverse wave
  • They consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other
  • These waves do not require a medium to travel through
  • The frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional
  • The higher the frequency, the more energy the wave carries
  • Examples include radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays, and gamma rays

Electromagnetic Spectrum

  • The entire range of EM waves, ordered by increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength
  • Includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays
  • Each type has different wavelengths and frequencies
  • Different applications depending on the type

Wave Behavior

  • Reflection: When light bounces off a surface
  • Diffraction: Waves bending around an obstacle
  • Absorption: When light is absorbed by a material, converting energy into heat or another form
  • Scattering: Light bouncing off an object in different directions

Wave Properties

  • Crest: Highest point of a wave
  • Trough: Lowest point of a wave
  • Wavelength: Distance between two consecutive crests or troughs
  • Frequency: Number of waves passing a point per second
  • Speed: Speed of light is constant (3.00 x 10^8 m/s)
  • Energy: Energy of the wave is proportional to frequency (E=hf)

Speed of Light

  • Light travels at a constant speed of approximately 3.00 x108 m/s in a vacuum.

Snell's Law

  • Describes how light bends when it passes from one medium to another (refraction)
  • Related to the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, and refractive index of the two media
  • The equation is n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2, where n is the refractive index and θ is the angle.

Visible Light

  • A small part of the electromagnetic spectrum
  • Visible to the human eye
  • Ranges from red (longest wavelength) to violet (shortest wavelength).

Substances

  • Different substances have different refractive indices, which affect how light travels through them

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Science 10 Second Quarter Electromagnetic Waves PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on electromagnetic waves, their properties, and behavior. This quiz covers topics such as the electromagnetic spectrum, wave behavior including reflection, diffraction, and absorption. Delve into the different types of waves and their applications in various fields.

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