Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light Types

Objects that produce their own light.

Objects that do not produce their own light; they reflect light.

Red, green, and blue; combine to create other colors.

Magenta, yellow, and cyan; combinations of two primary colors.

Visible light that includes all colors of the spectrum.

A range of energy waves that travel at the speed of light.

Light produced by heating a material, like a wire, to produce light.

Colour of an object under white light without filters.

Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow (CMY) are the primary colors used in printing. These colors, when combined, can create a wide range of other colors.

Cones are light-sensitive cells in the eye responsible for color vision. There are three types of cones: red, green, and blue. Each type of cone is most sensitive to a specific color.

A yellow pigment reflects yellow light and absorbs the other colors (blue and red) in white light.

Complementary colors are pairs of colors that, when mixed together, create white or gray light. They are opposite each other on the color wheel. For example, blue and yellow are complementary colors.

A material is transparent if it allows most light to pass through it. The object beyond the transparent material is clearly visible.

A material is translucent if it allows some light to pass through it, but the object beyond is blurry or indistinct.

A material is opaque if it does not allow any light to pass through it. The object beyond the opaque material is completely invisible.

Fluorescent and LED lights are more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs. This means they consume less energy to produce the same amount of light.

A mirror that spreads out light rays, causing them to diverge. It is also known as a convex mirror. It always creates virtual images.

An acronym describing the important characteristics of an image produced by a mirror: Size, Attitude, Location, Type.

An image in a plane mirror is the same size as the object, virtual, and laterally inverted. It appears to be behind the mirror.

The angle between the incident ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence.

A freshly waxed car produces a regular reflection, where parallel light rays are reflected parallel.

The image is being formed by a converging mirror (concave mirror).

Diverging mirrors are used in applications like car side mirrors, security mirrors in stores, and surveillance cameras.

Converging mirrors are used in applications like shaving mirrors, headlights, telescopes, and solar furnaces.

Luminous objects produce their own light (examples: sun, light bulb). Non-luminous objects reflect light from other sources (examples: moon, a table).

Incandescent - heat-based light (inefficient). Fluorescent - gas reaction causing light (efficient, contains mercury). LED - semiconductor light (highly efficient, low heat). Chemiluminescence - light from chemical reaction. Bioluminescence - light produced by organisms.

Unlike light, pigments are subtractive. When pigments (like paints) are mixed, they absorb light and appear darker. Combining primary pigments (cyan, magenta, yellow) results in black.

Occurs when parallel light rays strike a smooth surface and reflect back parallel to each other.

Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow (CMY) are the primary colors used in printing. These colors, when combined, create a wide range of other colors.

Complementary colors are pairs of colors that, when mixed together, create white or gray light. They are opposite each other on the color wheel. For example, blue and yellow are complementary colors.

Fluorescent and LED lights are more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs. This means they consume less energy to produce the same amount of light and last longer.

A diverging mirror, also known as a convex mirror, is curved outwards. It spreads out light rays, making them diverge.

SALT stands for Size Attitude Location Type. It describes the characteristics of an image formed by a mirror.

The image in a plane mirror is the same size as the object, virtual, and laterally inverted. Meaning it's flipped horizontally.

A concave mirror curves inwards, like the inside of a spoon. It converges light rays, creating real images when the object is far away.

Converging mirrors are used in applications such as shaving mirrors, headlights, telescopes, and solar furnaces.

Diverging mirrors are used in applications such as side mirrors on cars, security mirrors in stores, and surveillance cameras.