Electromagnetic Radiation Overview

What did Johann Wilhelm Ritt originally call UV rays to highlight their chemical reactivity?

Which type of UV radiation is primarily responsible for causing sunburn?

What is primarily used for communication among devices such as televisions and cellphones?

What is the main reason that about 95% of UV-B rays are absorbed before reaching the Earth's surface?

Who was the first to document X-rays in 1895?

What significant discovery did Aro Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson make in 1978?

How does gamma radiation help in cancer treatment?

Which of the following is NOT an active remote sensing instrument?

What temperature range indicates the emission of only infrared radiation?

What term did Henri Becquerel use to describe the invisible light emitted by uranium minerals?

What is the purpose of using radioactive trace substances in the industry?

What does the term 'ultraviolet' indicate in the context of light?

Which physicist discovered gamma radiation while studying radiation from radium?

What is the primary source of infrared radiation?

Which color wavelength is associated with the perception of warmth?

How do radio waves differ from other electromagnetic radiation types in terms of wavelength?

Radio Waves

Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation.
They have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
They are primarily used for communication.
Examples include television, cellphones, and radios.

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Accidental discovery by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in 1964.
They were experimenting with the Holmdel Horn Antenna.
Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978.

Radar Technology

Considered an active remote sensing system.
It actively sends a microwave pulse and senses the reflected energy.
Examples include Doppler radar, scatterometers, and radar altimeters.

Infrared Radiation

Primarily caused by heat or thermal radiation.
Produced by the motion of atoms and molecules.
Any object with a temperature above absolute zero emits infrared radiation.
Higher temperatures lead to more infrared radiation emitted.
Below 500°C: Only infrared radiation
Above 500°C: Infrared radiation and visible light
Color association:
- Blue and green: Cold
- Red and yellow: Warm

Visible Light

700 nm (7 x 10⁻⁹ m) wavelength.
Also known as the optical spectrum of light.
Wavelength determines the perceived color.
Most light we interact with is white light.

Ultraviolet Radiation

Invisible rays from the sun.
"Ultraviolet" means "beyond violet".
Shorter wavelengths than visible light.
Some insects can see UV rays.
Discovered in 1801 by Johann Wilhelm Ritter.
Divided into UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C.
UV-C rays are the most harmful but absorbed by the atmosphere.
UV-B rays cause sunburn and increase DNA damage risk.
About 95% of UV-B rays are absorbed by ozone in the Earth's atmosphere.
Astronomers often refer to different UV subdivisions (NUV, MUV, FUV, EUV).

X-rays

Discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
Used to create images of bones.
Bones absorb more x-rays than skin, creating shadows on x-ray film.

Gamma Rays

Packets of electromagnetic energy (photons).
Emitted from the nucleus of unstable (radioactive) atoms.
Discovered in 1900 by Paul Villard.
Named “gamma rays” by Ernest Rutherford in 1903.
Used in radiotherapy to kill cancer cells.
Also used in industry for tracing substances and sterilizing food.

This quiz explores various aspects of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, infrared radiation, and radar technology. Test your knowledge on these essential concepts and their applications in communication and sensing. Additionally, learn about the cosmic microwave background and its historical significance.