Electromagnetic Radiation Overview
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Questions and Answers

What did Johann Wilhelm Ritt originally call UV rays to highlight their chemical reactivity?

  • Reactive rays
  • Chemical rays
  • Violet rays
  • Oxidizing rays (correct)
  • Which type of UV radiation is primarily responsible for causing sunburn?

  • UV-C
  • UV-A
  • Extreme UV
  • UV-B (correct)
  • What is primarily used for communication among devices such as televisions and cellphones?

  • Infrared radiation
  • Ultraviolet rays
  • X-rays
  • Radio waves (correct)
  • What is the main reason that about 95% of UV-B rays are absorbed before reaching the Earth's surface?

    <p>Ozone layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first to document X-rays in 1895?

    <p>Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery did Aro Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson make in 1978?

    <p>Cosmic microwave background radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gamma radiation help in cancer treatment?

    <p>It destroys cancer cells effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an active remote sensing instrument?

    <p>Thermographic cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range indicates the emission of only infrared radiation?

    <p>Below 500°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Henri Becquerel use to describe the invisible light emitted by uranium minerals?

    <p>Metallic phosphorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using radioactive trace substances in the industry?

    <p>To detect fluid leaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ultraviolet' indicate in the context of light?

    <p>Light with shorter wavelengths than visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physicist discovered gamma radiation while studying radiation from radium?

    <p>Paul Villard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of infrared radiation?

    <p>Heat or thermal radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color wavelength is associated with the perception of warmth?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do radio waves differ from other electromagnetic radiation types in terms of wavelength?

    <p>They have the longest wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Radio Waves

    • Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation.
    • They have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
    • They are primarily used for communication.
    • Examples include television, cellphones, and radios.

    Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

    • Accidental discovery by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in 1964.
    • They were experimenting with the Holmdel Horn Antenna.
    • Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978.

    Radar Technology

    • Considered an active remote sensing system.
    • It actively sends a microwave pulse and senses the reflected energy.
    • Examples include Doppler radar, scatterometers, and radar altimeters.

    Infrared Radiation

    • Primarily caused by heat or thermal radiation.
    • Produced by the motion of atoms and molecules.
    • Any object with a temperature above absolute zero emits infrared radiation.
    • Higher temperatures lead to more infrared radiation emitted.
    • Below 500°C: Only infrared radiation
    • Above 500°C: Infrared radiation and visible light
    • Color association:
      • Blue and green: Cold
      • Red and yellow: Warm

    Visible Light

    • 700 nm (7 x 10⁻⁹ m) wavelength.
    • Also known as the optical spectrum of light.
    • Wavelength determines the perceived color.
    • Most light we interact with is white light.

    Ultraviolet Radiation

    • Invisible rays from the sun.
    • "Ultraviolet" means "beyond violet".
    • Shorter wavelengths than visible light.
    • Some insects can see UV rays.
    • Discovered in 1801 by Johann Wilhelm Ritter.
    • Divided into UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C.
    • UV-C rays are the most harmful but absorbed by the atmosphere.
    • UV-B rays cause sunburn and increase DNA damage risk.
    • About 95% of UV-B rays are absorbed by ozone in the Earth's atmosphere.
    • Astronomers often refer to different UV subdivisions (NUV, MUV, FUV, EUV).

    X-rays

    • Discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
    • Used to create images of bones.
    • Bones absorb more x-rays than skin, creating shadows on x-ray film.

    Gamma Rays

    • Packets of electromagnetic energy (photons).
    • Emitted from the nucleus of unstable (radioactive) atoms.
    • Discovered in 1900 by Paul Villard.
    • Named “gamma rays” by Ernest Rutherford in 1903.
    • Used in radiotherapy to kill cancer cells.
    • Also used in industry for tracing substances and sterilizing food.

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    Description

    This quiz explores various aspects of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, infrared radiation, and radar technology. Test your knowledge on these essential concepts and their applications in communication and sensing. Additionally, learn about the cosmic microwave background and its historical significance.

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