Questions and Answers
What is electromagnetic radiation?
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
Electromagnetic radiation classified by wavelength into various categories including radio wave, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
What is wavelength?
The distance between successive crests of a wave.
What is amplitude?
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What is frequency?
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What is velocity?
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What is spectrum?
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What is a spectroscope?
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What is a photon?
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What are ground state and excited state?
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What describes a continuous spectrum?
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What characterizes a discontinuous spectrum?
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What is another name for a discontinuous spectrum?
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What are the types of electromagnetic radiation?
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What are the colors of the visible spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength?
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Match the types of electromagnetic radiation with their order of increasing energy (decreasing wavelength):
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What are the units of frequency?
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What are the units of wavelength?
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What equation relates wavelength to energy?
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According to C=nm, when the frequency increases, how does the wavelength change?
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What equation relates frequency to energy?
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According to E=hv, when the frequency increases, how does the energy change?
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As you move across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma radiation, how does the frequency change?
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As you move across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma radiation, how does the wavelength change?
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If E = hV, how does the energy change?
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As you move across from the continuous spectrum of white light from red to violet, what happens to the frequency?
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As you move across from the continuous spectrum of white light from red to violet, what happens to the wavelength?
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As you move across from the continuous spectrum of white light from red to violet, what happens to the energy?
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What is the main evidence to indicate that electrons occupy 'shells' or energy levels outside the nuclei of atoms?
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Study Notes
Electromagnetic Radiation
- A form of radiation that includes visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, characterized by fluctuating electric and magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Classification of electromagnetic radiation by wavelength, encompassing radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Behavior changes with wavelength.
Wavelength
- Defined as the distance between consecutive wave crests, crucial in sound and electromagnetic waves.
Amplitude
- Refers to the maximum extent of a wave's vibration or oscillation from its equilibrium position.
Frequency
- The rate at which a wave pattern occurs or repeats over time.
Velocity
- Indicates the speed of a wave in a specific direction.
Spectrum
- A spectrum represents a range of colors produced by light refraction, visible as a band, similar to a rainbow.
Spectroscope
- An instrument used to generate and analyze spectra for detailed examination.
Photon
- A particle that represents a quantum of electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy proportional to its frequency while having no rest mass.
Ground State and Excited State
- Terms defining the least excited state of electrons (ground state) versus higher energy states (excited state).
Continuous Spectrum
- Contains all wavelengths between its starting and ending points, showing no gaps.
Discontinuous Spectrum
- Features gaps or breaks in wavelength, also known as the emission spectrum.
Types of Electromagnetic Radiation
- Includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Visible Spectrum Colors
- Colors arranged by decreasing wavelength: Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red.
Order of Increasing Energy
- Progression from shortwave radiation signals, infrared radiation, green light, to ultraviolet and dental x-rays.
Units of Frequency
- Measured in cycles per second, Hertz (Hz), or revolutions per minute (RPM).
Units of Wavelength
- Typically expressed in meters, centimeters, or nanometers.
Key Formulas
- Relationship between wavelength and energy: C = nm (where "C" is the speed of light, "n" is frequency, and "m" is wavelength).
- Frequency-energy relationship: E = hv (where "E" is energy, "h" is Planck's constant, and "v" is frequency).
Frequency and Wavelength Changes
- As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
- As you move from radio waves to gamma rays, frequency increases while wavelength decreases.
Energy Dynamics
- When frequency increases, energy also increases.
- In transitions across the visible spectrum from red to violet, frequency increases, wavelength decreases, and energy increases.
Electron Shell Model
- Niels Bohr's model illustrates electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels, supporting the idea of electrons occupying 'shells'.
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Description
Explore key concepts of electromagnetic radiation with these flashcards. Learn about the electromagnetic spectrum, including various types of radiation such as radio waves and gamma rays. Perfect for students studying physics or related fields.
