Electromagnetic Radiation and Particles
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Questions and Answers

The speed of light in a vacuum is sometimes called the speed of light in vacuum.

True (A)

Each particle has a matching antiparticle with the same mass and rest energy, but with opposite charge (amongst other things).

True (A)

Antiparticles only exist for a fraction of a second before they usually get converted back to energy.

True (A)

What happens when a proton collides with an antiproton?

<p>They annihilate each other, releasing energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for this type of creation when two particles collide and state what causes extra particles to be created?

<p>Pair production. When two particles collide, they can create additional particles (usually a particle-antiparticle pair) if there is enough energy available to overcome the rest mass of the new particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give reasons why the reaction: p + p → p + p + π is not possible.

<p>This reaction violates conservation of energy. The rest mass of two protons and a pion (π) are collectively greater than the rest mass of two protons, so the reaction would require an input of energy to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A photon produces an electron-positron pair, each with 9.84 x 10⁻¹⁰ J of energy. Calculate the frequency of the photon.

<p>1.48 x 10²⁰ Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what causes extra particles to be created when two particles collide.

<p>Extra particle creation occurs when the collision has sufficient energy to overcome the rest mass of the newly created particles. If enough energy is available, this can lead to the production of new particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the properties of an electron-antineutrino.

<p>An electron-antineutrino is a fundamental particle with zero electric charge and a very small or negligible mass, It interacts weakly with matter, making it difficult to detect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give one similarity and one difference between a proton and an antiproton.

<p>A proton and an antiproton have the same mass and rest energy. However, a proton has a positive charge, and an antiproton has a negative charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electromagnetic radiation

A form of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, that propagates as a wave of electric and magnetic fields.

Wavelength (λ)

The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of a wave.

Frequency (f)

The number of waves that pass a point per second.

Speed of light (c)

The speed at which a wave travels, constant for all electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum.

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Wave equation

The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and the speed of light: fλ = c.

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Photon

The smallest unit of energy that can be carried by electromagnetic radiation.

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Photon energy

The amount of energy carried by a photon, proportional to its frequency.

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Photon energy equation

The relationship between the energy of a photon, its frequency, and Planck's constant: E = hf.

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Planck's constant (h)

A fundamental constant that relates the energy of a photon to its frequency.

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Antiparticle

A particle with opposite charge, same mass, and same rest energy as its corresponding particle.

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Positron

The positively charged antiparticle of the electron.

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Antiproton

The negatively charged antiparticle of the proton.

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Antineutron

The antiparticle of the neutron, with no charge.

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Antineutrino

The antiparticle of the neutrino, with no charge.

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Rest energy

The energy equivalent of an object's mass, calculated using the formula E = mc²

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Pair production

The creation of a particle-antiparticle pair from energy, often a high-energy photon.

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Annihilation

The process where a particle and its antiparticle collide and completely annihilate, converting all their mass into energy, usually photons.

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Threshold energy for pair production

The minimum energy required for a photon to create a particle-antiparticle pair.

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Pair production near a nucleus

When a photon interacts with a nucleus to conserve momentum during pair production.

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Gamma rays

High-energy photons that can cause pair production.

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p + p → p + p + α

A reaction where two protons collide to produce protons and an alpha particle.

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Photon energy and frequency

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency.

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Conservation of energy in collisions

The total energy of a system is conserved in all interactions, including particle collisions.

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Conservation of momentum in collisions

The total momentum of a system is conserved in all interactions, including particle collisions.

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Fundamental particle

A particle that does not have a corresponding antiparticle.

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Mass-energy equivalence

The process of converting mass into energy, often by annihilating a particle with its antiparticle.

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Mass defect

The total mass of two particles before a collision is greater than the total mass of the particles after the collision.

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Photon emission

The emission of energy in the form of photons, often during the annihilation of matter and antimatter.

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Antiparticle properties

Antiparticles have opposite values for certain properties of particles like charge and spin.

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Energy-matter conversion

Pair production and annihilation are examples of the conversion of energy and matter.

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Study Notes

Electromagnetic Radiation

  • Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation
  • The electromagnetic spectrum is continuous, with varying frequencies and wavelengths
  • The energy of a photon (light packet) is related to its frequency (E = hf)
  • The frequency and wavelength are linked via the speed of light (c = fλ)

Particles and Antiparticles

  • Each particle has a matching antiparticle with the same mass and opposite charge
  • Examples of particle-antiparticle pairs include proton-antiproton, neutron-antineutron, electron-positron, and neutrino-antineutrino
  • Antiparticles have the same mass but opposite charges as their corresponding particles.

Pair Production

  • High-energy photons can create particle-antiparticle pairs
  • The minimum energy needed is the combined rest mass energy of the created particles
  • This process converts energy into matter and antimatter

Annihilation

  • When a particle meets its antiparticle, they annihilate
  • The combined mass is converted to energy (photons)
  • The minimum energy required for each photon is equal to the combined rest mass of the initial particles.

Particle Properties

  • Rest energy of particles are listed in the table, including mass (kg)
  • The energy and mass of the corresponding antiparticle are equivalent
  • Photon frequency of the particle-antiparticle pair production/annihilation can be calculated using the equations provided in the table.
  • The mass and energy values given are for the most common particles.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of electromagnetic radiation, particles, and antiparticles. This quiz covers key concepts such as the electromagnetic spectrum, pair production, and annihilation of particles. Test your understanding of these fundamental topics in physics.

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