CH 18: Electrolytic cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of an electrolytic cell?

  • To convert chemical energy into electrical energy
  • To produce a spontaneous chemical reaction
  • To measure the potential difference between two electrodes
  • To drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions using electrical energy (correct)

    • What is the main difference between an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell?

  • Electrolytic cells have an anode and a cathode, while galvanic cells have a positive and negative electrode
  • Electrolytic cells involve spontaneous reactions, while galvanic cells involve non-spontaneous reactions
  • Electrolytic cells require an external power source, while galvanic cells generate their own electrical energy (correct)
  • Galvanic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy, while electrolytic cells convert electrical energy into chemical energy

    • What happens at the anode of an electrolytic cell?

  • Reduction occurs, meaning electrons are gained
  • No chemical reactions occur at the anode
  • Oxidation occurs, meaning electrons are lost (correct)
  • The anode is inert and does not participate in the reactions

    • What is the role of the external power source in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>It supplies the electrical energy needed to drive the non-spontaneous chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate solution, what happens at the anode?

    <p>Copper ions are oxidized to form copper metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using an electrolyte solution in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>To provide a medium for the flow of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cathode and reduction in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>The cathode is where reduction occurs, meaning electrons are gained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between electrolysis and a spontaneous electrochemical reaction?

    <p>Electrolysis involves non-spontaneous reactions that require energy input, while spontaneous reactions occur naturally without any energy input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the power supply in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>It generates the electrical energy required to drive the non-spontaneous chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the direction of the chemical reactions in an electrolytic cell compare to a galvanic cell?

    <p>The chemical reactions in an electrolytic cell occur in the opposite direction to a galvanic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cathode in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>Receive electrons (are reduced)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process begins when an external voltage is applied to an electrolytic cell?

    <p>Forces cations to move towards the cathode and anions towards the anode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electrolyte in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>Carry charges and complete the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In metal refining using electrolysis, where does pure copper get deposited?

    <p>Cathode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the energy efficiency of electrolytic processes?

    <p>Require an external source of energy and efficiency varies based on factors like voltage and current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of electrolysis in industry?

    <p>Metal Refining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental impact can the chlor-alkali process have?

    <p>Results in hazardous byproducts like mercury or asbestos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the cathode in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>Cations receive electrons (are reduced)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between galvanic cells and electrolytic cells?

    <p>Galvanic cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy, while electrolytic cells convert electrical energy to chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, what is formed at the anode?

    <p>Chlorine gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using an external voltage in electrolysis?

    <p>To create an electric field that drives the movement of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental and safety aspect needs careful management when using electrolytic cells?

    <p>Hazardous byproducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electrolytic processes compare to galvanic cells in terms of energy efficiency?

    <p>Electrolytic processes are less energy-efficient as they require an external source of energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of the electrolyte in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>To serve as a medium for ion flow and completion of the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformation occurs at the cathode during electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride?

    <p>$H_2$ gas and hydroxide ions are formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of electrolysis in industry related to metal purification?

    <p>Metal refining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the anode during the electrolysis process?

    <p>Anions give up electrons (are oxidized)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an electrolytic cell?

    <p>Use electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an electrolytic cell, what occurs at the cathode?

    <p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction takes place in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>Non-spontaneous chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>Anode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electrolyte solution in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>To conduct electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process uses electrical energy from an external source to drive a chemical reaction?

    <p>Electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the anode of an electrolytic cell?

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do galvanic cells differ from electrolytic cells in terms of energy conversion?

    <p>Galvanic cells convert electrical energy into chemical energy, while electrolytic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an electrolytic cell requires an external power source to induce chemical reactions?

    <p>Anode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions can electrolysis occur spontaneously?

    <p>When a galvanic cell is connected to an electrolytic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of an electrolytic cell?

    <p>To produce chemicals through the application of an external voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, what is the main product formed at the anode?

    <p>Chlorine gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the key difference between an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell in terms of energy conversion?

    <p>Electrolytic cells require an external power source, while galvanic cells rely on spontaneous chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using an electrolyte solution in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>To provide a medium for the flow of ions between the electrodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common industrial application of electrolysis related to metal purification?

    <p>Electrolytic refining of copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main environmental impact associated with the chlor-alkali process, which uses electrolysis to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide?

    <p>The release of hazardous byproducts like mercury or asbestos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the energy efficiency of electrolytic processes compared to galvanic cells?

    <p>Electrolytic processes are not generally energy-efficient compared to galvanic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cathode and the reduction process in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>The cathode is where reduction occurs, meaning the gain of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the direction of chemical reactions in an electrolytic cell compared to a galvanic cell?

    <p>In an electrolytic cell, the reactions are driven by an external voltage, while in a galvanic cell, the reactions are driven by a spontaneous chemical process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate solution, what happens at the cathode?

    <p>Copper ions (Cu2+) are oxidized to form copper metal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate solution, what is the balanced half-reaction occurring at the cathode?

    <p>Cu(aq) + 2e -&gt; Cu(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, which of the following reactions occurs at the anode?

    <p>2Cl-(l) -&gt; Cl2(g) + 2e-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using an electrolyte solution in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>To provide a medium for the flow of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution, which of the following reactions occurs at the cathode?

    <p>2H2O(l) + 2e- -&gt; H2(g) + 2OH-(aq)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using an external power source in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>To drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of molten aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which of the following reactions occurs at the cathode?

    <p>2Al3+(l) + 6e- -&gt; 2Al(l)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the anode in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>The anode is the site of oxidation, where electrons are lost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate solution, what is the balanced half-reaction occurring at the anode?

    <p>2H2O(l) -&gt; O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the cathode in an electrolytic cell?

    <p>The cathode is the site of reduction, where electrons are gained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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