CH 18: Electrolytic cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of an electrolytic cell?

  • To convert chemical energy into electrical energy
  • To produce a spontaneous chemical reaction
  • To measure the potential difference between two electrodes
  • To drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions using electrical energy (correct)

What is the main difference between an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell?

  • Electrolytic cells have an anode and a cathode, while galvanic cells have a positive and negative electrode
  • Electrolytic cells involve spontaneous reactions, while galvanic cells involve non-spontaneous reactions
  • Electrolytic cells require an external power source, while galvanic cells generate their own electrical energy (correct)
  • Galvanic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy, while electrolytic cells convert electrical energy into chemical energy

What happens at the anode of an electrolytic cell?

  • Reduction occurs, meaning electrons are gained
  • No chemical reactions occur at the anode
  • Oxidation occurs, meaning electrons are lost (correct)
  • The anode is inert and does not participate in the reactions

What is the role of the external power source in an electrolytic cell?

<p>It supplies the electrical energy needed to drive the non-spontaneous chemical reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate solution, what happens at the anode?

<p>Copper ions are oxidized to form copper metal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using an electrolyte solution in an electrolytic cell?

<p>To provide a medium for the flow of electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the cathode and reduction in an electrolytic cell?

<p>The cathode is where reduction occurs, meaning electrons are gained (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between electrolysis and a spontaneous electrochemical reaction?

<p>Electrolysis involves non-spontaneous reactions that require energy input, while spontaneous reactions occur naturally without any energy input (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the power supply in an electrolytic cell?

<p>It generates the electrical energy required to drive the non-spontaneous chemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the direction of the chemical reactions in an electrolytic cell compare to a galvanic cell?

<p>The chemical reactions in an electrolytic cell occur in the opposite direction to a galvanic cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cathode in an electrolytic cell?

<p>Receive electrons (are reduced) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process begins when an external voltage is applied to an electrolytic cell?

<p>Forces cations to move towards the cathode and anions towards the anode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the electrolyte in an electrolytic cell?

<p>Carry charges and complete the circuit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In metal refining using electrolysis, where does pure copper get deposited?

<p>Cathode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the energy efficiency of electrolytic processes?

<p>Require an external source of energy and efficiency varies based on factors like voltage and current. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of electrolysis in industry?

<p>Metal Refining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental impact can the chlor-alkali process have?

<p>Results in hazardous byproducts like mercury or asbestos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the cathode in an electrolytic cell?

<p>Cations receive electrons (are reduced) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between galvanic cells and electrolytic cells?

<p>Galvanic cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy, while electrolytic cells convert electrical energy to chemical energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, what is formed at the anode?

<p>Chlorine gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an external voltage in electrolysis?

<p>To create an electric field that drives the movement of ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental and safety aspect needs careful management when using electrolytic cells?

<p>Hazardous byproducts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do electrolytic processes compare to galvanic cells in terms of energy efficiency?

<p>Electrolytic processes are less energy-efficient as they require an external source of energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of the electrolyte in an electrolytic cell?

<p>To serve as a medium for ion flow and completion of the circuit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What transformation occurs at the cathode during electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride?

<p>$H_2$ gas and hydroxide ions are formed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of electrolysis in industry related to metal purification?

<p>Metal refining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the anode during the electrolysis process?

<p>Anions give up electrons (are oxidized) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an electrolytic cell?

<p>Use electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an electrolytic cell, what occurs at the cathode?

<p>Reduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction takes place in an electrolytic cell?

<p>Non-spontaneous chemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply in an electrolytic cell?

<p>Anode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the electrolyte solution in an electrolytic cell?

<p>To conduct electricity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process uses electrical energy from an external source to drive a chemical reaction?

<p>Electrolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the anode of an electrolytic cell?

<p>Oxidation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do galvanic cells differ from electrolytic cells in terms of energy conversion?

<p>Galvanic cells convert electrical energy into chemical energy, while electrolytic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of an electrolytic cell requires an external power source to induce chemical reactions?

<p>Anode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can electrolysis occur spontaneously?

<p>When a galvanic cell is connected to an electrolytic cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of an electrolytic cell?

<p>To produce chemicals through the application of an external voltage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, what is the main product formed at the anode?

<p>Chlorine gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the key difference between an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell in terms of energy conversion?

<p>Electrolytic cells require an external power source, while galvanic cells rely on spontaneous chemical reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using an electrolyte solution in an electrolytic cell?

<p>To provide a medium for the flow of ions between the electrodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common industrial application of electrolysis related to metal purification?

<p>Electrolytic refining of copper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main environmental impact associated with the chlor-alkali process, which uses electrolysis to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide?

<p>The release of hazardous byproducts like mercury or asbestos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the energy efficiency of electrolytic processes compared to galvanic cells?

<p>Electrolytic processes are not generally energy-efficient compared to galvanic cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the cathode and the reduction process in an electrolytic cell?

<p>The cathode is where reduction occurs, meaning the gain of electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the direction of chemical reactions in an electrolytic cell compared to a galvanic cell?

<p>In an electrolytic cell, the reactions are driven by an external voltage, while in a galvanic cell, the reactions are driven by a spontaneous chemical process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate solution, what happens at the cathode?

<p>Copper ions (Cu2+) are oxidized to form copper metal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of copper(II) sulfate solution, what is the balanced half-reaction occurring at the cathode?

<p>Cu(aq) + 2e -&gt; Cu(s) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, which of the following reactions occurs at the anode?

<p>2Cl-(l) -&gt; Cl2(g) + 2e- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using an electrolyte solution in an electrolytic cell?

<p>To provide a medium for the flow of ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution, which of the following reactions occurs at the cathode?

<p>2H2O(l) + 2e- -&gt; H2(g) + 2OH-(aq) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using an external power source in an electrolytic cell?

<p>To drive non-spontaneous chemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of molten aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which of the following reactions occurs at the cathode?

<p>2Al3+(l) + 6e- -&gt; 2Al(l) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the anode in an electrolytic cell?

<p>The anode is the site of oxidation, where electrons are lost. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate solution, what is the balanced half-reaction occurring at the anode?

<p>2H2O(l) -&gt; O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the cathode in an electrolytic cell?

<p>The cathode is the site of reduction, where electrons are gained. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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