Electrolytes and Selective Permeability Quiz

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What determines the movement of compounds and charges across a concentration gradient?

The concentration of the compounds and charges (correct)

The temperature of the solvent

The size of the cell membrane

The type of solvent used for dissolving

Which substances move more rapidly through diffusion?

Large particles

Thicker, viscous solutions

Small molecules (correct)

Charged particles

Which process involves a series of enzymatically catalyzed reactions in which glucose is broken down to yield lactic acid and pyruvic acid?

Electron transport chain

Glycolysis (correct)

ATP synthesis

Krebs cycle

Where does glycolysis take place within the cell?

Cytosol of the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

In facilitated diffusion, which hormone is required to help move glucose into the cells?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of active transport compared to diffusion?

Requires a carrier mechanism Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are gained during the breakdown of glucose into two three-carbon pyruvic acid molecules in glycolysis?

Two ATP molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of cellular respiration yields as many as 36 ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

Aerobic phase Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

In the Krebs cycle, which molecule combines with a four-carbon oxaloacetic acid to form a six-carbon citric acid?

Acetyl coenzyme A Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced after both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle have occurred?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ATP in cellular functions?

To store high-energy electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

Pinocytosis involves taking in small liquid droplets, while phagocytosis involves engulfing solids. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

It shrinks abnormally due to excessive water loss. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sodium/potassium pump mentioned in the text?

Transport two potassium ions out of the cell while three sodium ions enter. Signup and view all the answers

How does osmotic pressure affect the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

It accelerates water movement from high to low solute concentration areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is fluid balance?

The process of equal intake and output of fluids to maintain homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What triggers a person to feel thirsty?

When there is a decrease in body fluids Signup and view all the answers

How does the body respond when fluid volume decreases?

Kidney tubules reabsorb more water and excrete less urine Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to maintain the proper balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body?

It is necessary for life and survival of an individual Signup and view all the answers