Electrolyte Imbalances Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is associated with hypocalcemia?

  • Prolonged immobilization
  • Acute pancreatitis (correct)
  • Renal failure
  • Diabetes insipidus

    • What causes hyperkalemia?

  • Poor intake of potassium
  • Renal failure (correct)
  • Excessive water intake
  • Thyroid carcinoma

    • Which electrolyte imbalance is linked to excessive loss through diarrhea?

  • Hyponatremia (correct)
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hyperchloremia
  • Hypomagnesemia

    • Excessive intake of potassium can lead to which condition?

    <p>Hyperkalemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition could result from Addison's disease?

    <p>Hypochloremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypercalcemia?

    <p>Short QT interval (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic alcoholism can lead to a deficiency in which electrolyte?

    <p>Magnesium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hyperchloremia?

    <p>Cardiac decompensation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with hypoparathyroidism?

    <p>Hypocalcemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive water intake can lead to which electrolyte imbalance?

    <p>Hyponatremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Hypocalcemia

    Low calcium levels in the blood. It can be caused by conditions like hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or acute pancreatitis.

    Hypercalcemia

    High calcium levels in the blood. Can be caused by conditions like hyperparathyroidism, prolonged immobilization, or malignancy of bone.

    Hypokalemia

    Low potassium levels in the blood. It can be caused by excessive loss through vomiting, diarrhea, or use of certain drugs.

    Hyperkalemia

    High potassium levels in the blood. It can be caused by renal failure, hypoaldosteronism, or excessive intake of potassium.

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    Hyponatremia

    Low sodium levels in the blood. It can be caused by excessive loss through vomiting, diarrhea, or sweating.

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    Hypernatremia

    High sodium levels in the blood. It can be caused by dehydration, excessive salt intake, or diabetes insipidus.

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    Hypochloremia

    Low chloride levels in the blood. It can be caused by conditions like Addison's disease, diarrhea, or vomiting.

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    Hyperchloremia

    High chloride levels in the blood. It can be caused by conditions like metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, or corticosteroid therapy.

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    Hypomagnesemia

    Low magnesium levels in the blood. It can be caused by excessive loss from the GI tract, use of certain medications, or chronic alcoholism.

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    Hypermagnesemia

    High magnesium levels in the blood. It can be caused by renal disease or treatment with magnesium-containing medications.

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    Study Notes

    Electrolyte Imbalances: Deficiency

    • Calcium (4.5-5 mEq/L):
      • Hypocalcemia causes: Hypoparathyroidism, Acute pancreatitis, Hyperphosphatemia, Thyroid carcinoma, Vitamin D deficiency, Long QT interval
    • Potassium (3.5-5 mEq/L):
      • Hypokalemia causes: Excessive loss through vomiting, urination, or diarrhea, Use of drugs, Poor intake of potassium, Hyperaldosteronism, U wave on ECG
    • Sodium (135-145 mEq/L):
      • Hyponatremia causes: Excessive loss through diarrhea, sweating, vomiting, or use of diuretics, Excessive water intake, Head injury
    • Chloride (95-108 mEq/L):
      • Hypochloremia causes: Addison's disease, Diarrhea, Metabolic alkalosis, Respiratory acidosis, Vomiting
    • Magnesium (1.5-2.5 mEq/L):
      • Hypomagnesemia causes: Excessive loss from GI tract, Use of drugs, Chronic alcoholism, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Hyperparathyroidism

    Electrolyte Imbalances: Excess

    • Calcium (4.5-5 mEq/L):
      • Hypercalcemia causes: Prolonged immobilization, Hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy of bone, Short QT interval
    • Potassium (3.5-5 mEq/L):
      • Hyperkalemia causes: Renal failure, Hyporaldosteronism, Use of drugs, Excessive intake of potassium, Condition where potassium moves out of tissue cells into plasma, Tall T wave on ECG
    • Sodium (135-145 mEq/L):
      • Hypernatremia causes: Loss of fluid through diarrhea, Deprivation of water, Excessive salt intake, Diabetes insipidus, Heat stroke
    • Chloride (95-108 mEq/L):
      • Hyperchloremia causes: Cardiac decompensation, Metabolic acidosis, Respiratory alkalosis, Corticosteroid therapy, Uremia
    • Magnesium (1.5-2.5 mEq/L):
      • Hypermagnesemia causes: Renal disease and renal failure, Treatment with magnesium and magnesium-containing medications

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the causes of electrolyte imbalances including deficiencies and excesses. This quiz covers key electrolytes such as calcium, potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium, along with their clinical implications. Perfect for students in health and medical fields.

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