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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of using a smaller electrode in a monopolar arrangement?
What is the purpose of using a smaller electrode in a monopolar arrangement?
- To decrease the effectiveness of the current
- To increase the current density under the larger electrode
- To make one electrode more active (correct)
- To equalize the current density
In a bipolar arrangement, the current density is equally distributed to all electrodes.
In a bipolar arrangement, the current density is equally distributed to all electrodes.
True (A)
What are the two types of electrodes mentioned for monopolar arrangements?
What are the two types of electrodes mentioned for monopolar arrangements?
Cathode and anode
In an HVPC setup, a __________ electrode typically stimulates small muscles.
In an HVPC setup, a __________ electrode typically stimulates small muscles.
Match the type of electrode arrangement with its primary characteristic:
Match the type of electrode arrangement with its primary characteristic:
What is typically the role of the electrode over a motor point?
What is typically the role of the electrode over a motor point?
In a quadripolar arrangement, the current density is unequal across the electrodes.
In a quadripolar arrangement, the current density is unequal across the electrodes.
What should electrodes be stored on when not in use?
What should electrodes be stored on when not in use?
The current from both channels in a __________ arrangement is mixed before application.
The current from both channels in a __________ arrangement is mixed before application.
Which of the following is NOT a consideration for electrode placement?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration for electrode placement?
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Study Notes
Electrode Arrangements
- Monopolar:
- Two electrodes, one smaller than the other.
- Smaller electrode is more active, with higher current density.
- Used for denervated muscle stimulation, iontophoresis, and sometimes for HVPC (acute edema, wounds) and NMES (small muscles, isolated contraction).
- Bipolar:
- Two or four electrodes of equal size.
- Current density is evenly distributed.
- Can be arranged in various configurations (quadripolar, linear, etc.).
- Used for TENS, Premodulated current (Premod), and sometimes for HVPC.
- Quadripolar:
- Four electrodes of equal size, channels intersect.
- Current density is equal in all electrodes.
- Always used for Interferential Current (IFC) to surround the painful area.
- Often used for TENS to surround the pain, but not mandatory.
Electrode Placement
- Longitudinal placement:
- Placement along a muscle increases conduction, ideal for muscle contraction.
- Distance between electrodes:
- Placing electrodes from the same channel further apart increases current depth.
- Electrodes from the same circuit should be at least one electrode width apart for comfort.
- Sensation:
- More sensation under an electrode may occur if it is over a motor point, trigger point, not in full contact, or smaller than others.
Electrode Care
- No bathing or sleeping with electrodes on.
- Store on acetate when not in use.
- Replace electrodes if they don't adhere to the skin.
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