Electrochemistry Quiz

<p>To act as the cathode, preventing the metal from undergoing corrosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>600 Coulombs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ε⁰ = ε° (cathode) – ε° (anode) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ΔG = -nFε⁰ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ceramics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidized and is the reducing agent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silver (Ag) electrode. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ion-Dipole Interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction is non-spontaneous and requires an external power source. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong covalent bonds forming a network, typically non-conductive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$Fe^{3+}$ is reduced and $I^-$ is oxidized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ΔG = -nFε⁰ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$a = \frac{4r}{\sqrt{2}}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiplying half-reactions by appropriate coefficients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidation is Loss, Reduction is Gain of electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>approximately $8.3\times10^{-23}g$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased reactivity compared to bulk material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in soil fertility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phytoremediation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leaded gasoline and industrial waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eutrophication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active recall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be remolded upon heating. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P-Type (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced UV radiation exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small band gap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Composition of phases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All three phases coexist. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between X-ray wavelength and crystal structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They harden permanently after being set. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Design of workstations and repetitive movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Product Origin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical Hazards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to viruses and bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To list chemical ingredients and concentrations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological Hazards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A branch of chemistry focusing on the interconversion of electrical energy and chemical energy through redox reactions. It deals with processes where electrons are transferred, transforming chemical energy into electricity or using electricity to drive reactions.

Chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons between species.

The loss of electrons by a species, resulting in an increase in its oxidation state.

The gain of electrons by a species, resulting in a decrease in its oxidation state.

Electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous redox reactions.

Electrochemical cells that use electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous redox reactions.

A standard measure of the potential difference (voltage) between the two half-cells of an electrochemical cell under standard conditions.

A way to represent the components of an electrochemical cell, using vertical lines to separate phases and double vertical lines to represent the salt bridge or porous membrane.

Materials made of long chains of molecules, exhibiting varied properties. Commonly found as plastics and rubber.

Materials where two or more substances are combined to create improved properties. Think of fiberglass.

Materials with a structure in the range of 1-100 nanometers, exhibiting enhanced characteristics like strength, conductivity, or reactivity.

Attraction between a charged ion and a polar molecule due to their opposite charges.

Attraction between molecules with permanent dipoles, arising from their uneven charge distribution.

Strong dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen bonded to oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine, leading to strong attraction.

Weak forces arising from temporary dipoles induced in molecules due to electron movement.

Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions arranged in a lattice structure.

The difference in electrical potential between the cathode and anode of an electrochemical cell.

The amount of energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction under standard conditions.

A measure of the relative amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium in a reversible reaction.

A mathematical equation that relates the cell potential (ε) of an electrochemical cell to its standard cell potential (ε⁰), temperature, and the reaction quotient (Q).

The ratio of products to reactants at a specific point in time, not necessarily at equilibrium.

The process by which metals deteriorate due to electrochemical reactions, often involving the formation of oxides.

An electrochemical process where electrical energy is used to drive a nonspontaneous chemical reaction.

Materials that can be repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling, allowing them to be reshaped multiple times.

Materials that undergo a permanent chemical change upon heating, becoming hard and rigid. They cannot be re-melted and reshaped.

Materials that can be stretched to a significant extent and return to their original shape after the stretching force is removed.

The outermost energy levels of atoms in a material where electrons are normally located.

Higher energy levels in a material where electrons can move freely, allowing for electrical conduction.

The energy gap between the valence and conduction bands, determining a material's conductivity. A smaller gap means more electrons can jump to the conduction band, leading to higher conductivity.

Adding impurities to a semiconductor to alter its conductivity. N-type doping increases electron concentration, while P-type doping creates electron 'holes' for conduction.

The ability of a material to resist forces that try to stretch or elongate it.

Any substance that can cause harm upon exposure, including gases, fumes, liquids, and other forms.

Poor workstation design, repetitive movements, or awkward postures that can lead to musculoskeletal problems.

Exposure to electromagnetic waves, like X-rays or UV rays, that can damage cells or cause health issues.

Factors that affect mental health, including stress, workload, or discrimination.

Exposure to viruses, bacteria, or other biological agents that can cause infections or diseases.

Chemicals that pose physical or health risks. They can be flammable, explosive, corrosive, toxic, or carcinogenic.

A document that provides detailed information about a chemical substance, including its properties, hazards, and safety precautions.

A prioritized approach for controlling hazards, ranging from complete elimination to the use of personal protective equipment.

The amount of dissolved oxygen needed by microorganisms to break down organic matter in a water sample. A higher BOD indicates more pollution.

The amount of oxygen needed to chemically oxidize all organic matter in a water sample. COD measures both biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

The process where excessive nutrients (like nitrogen and phosphorus) enter a water body, leading to algal blooms. These blooms can deplete oxygen levels, causing fish kills and other environmental problems.

A form of air pollution that occurs when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight. It produces ground-level ozone, which can damage respiratory systems and plants.

The use of living organisms (like bacteria or plants) to clean up contaminated soil or water. It's a natural and environmentally friendly approach.

The process of removing pollutants from soil using physical, chemical, or biological methods. Examples include soil washing, aeration, and composting.

Heavy metals like lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) can accumulate in the environment and cause various health problems. These metals can enter the environment through industrial waste, mining activities, and vehicle exhaust.

Industrial waste, pesticides, and fertilizers are common sources of soil pollution. These contaminants can degrade soil quality, reduce fertility, and pose health risks to both humans and wildlife.