Electrochemistry Quiz: Primary Cells

A measure of the force exerted by a magnetic field on a moving electric charge.

A changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (voltage) in a conductor.

The induced current flows in a direction that opposes the change that produced it.

The process of inducing a voltage in one coil by changing the current in a nearby coil.

A magnet that's created by an electric current.

Voltage produced by the induced current in an electric motor or generator in opposition to the supply voltage.

Electric motor that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.

Electric generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy using direct current.

The measure of the total magnetic field passing through a given surface area.

The process of inducing a voltage in a coil due to a change in its own current.

Anything that takes up space and has weight. It can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Examples are gold, silver, oxygen, and iron.

A substance formed when two or more elements are chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Examples are salt (sodium and chlorine) and water (hydrogen and oxygen).

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons in their nucleus, giving them unique properties.

By combining different elements in varying ratios and arrangements, we can create a vast number of compounds with different properties.

Atoms contain positively charged protons in the nucleus and negatively charged electrons orbiting around it. This distribution determines how atoms interact with each other, forming molecules, ions (charged particles), and compounds.

Atoms are neutral, with an equal number of protons and electrons. Ions are charged particles formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.

The opposition to the flow of electric current through a conductor. It depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area.

The longer a conductor, the more resistance it has to the flow of electric current.

The larger the cross-sectional area of a conductor, the less resistance it has to the flow of electric current.

A material's inherent ability to resist the flow of electric current, affecting the conductor's resistance.

Conductor resistance is directly proportional to its length and resistivity, and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area.

Lines representing the direction of the force an electric field exerts on a positive test charge. They show the shape and direction of the electric field.

The density of lines of force indicates the strength of the electric field. More lines mean a stronger field.

Arrows on the lines point in the direction a positive test charge would move in the electric field.

Faraday's method uses 2D diagrams, but electric fields are 3D. It's a simplification.

Faraday's lines help visualize electric fields around single charges or between multiple charges.

Lines of force never intersect because they represent the direction a test charge would move in the electric field, and at any point there's only one direction of force.

They are a visual representation of the electric field, but not the field itself. Lines of force represent the direction and intensity of the force.

Faraday's lines provide a simple and intuitive method to visualize and understand the complex behavior of electric fields.

The visualization of the electric field surrounding charged objects, showing the direction and intensity of the force.

The process of combining the individual electric fields from multiple charged objects to find the total electric field at a specific point.

The method of adding vectors representing electric fields, considering both their magnitude and direction.

The way electric charges spread out on a surface—evenly for smooth objects.

The intensity of the electric field at a point, representing the force on a unit charge.

The combination of vectors representing electric fields, accounting for both direction and magnitude.

Electric charges concentrate on the surface of a conductor.

The net electric field at a point due to the superposition of multiple individual fields.

Batteries are composed of individual cells, which are connected in series or parallel to create the desired voltage and current capacity.

Cells use chemical reactions between electrodes and electrolytes to generate electrical energy. The chemical reaction causes a difference in charge between the electrodes, resulting in an electric potential.

Primary cells are irreversible, meaning they get depleted after a single use. Secondary cells are rechargeable, using reversible chemical reactions to store and release electrical energy.

The electrolyte is a substance that conducts the flow of ions within the cell, enabling the chemical reaction to occur and produce electricity.

The type of chemicals and their properties in the cell largely determine the voltage. The resistance of the circuit (including the cell's internal resistance) also influences the voltage.

It's a common type of primary cell, where the zinc electrode acts as the anode, graphite is the cathode, and the electrolyte is a paste containing ammonium chloride, manganese dioxide, and granular carbon.

The anode in a zinc-carbon cell is the zinc electrode. It undergoes oxidation, releasing electrons and becoming positively charged.

The cathode in a zinc-carbon cell is the graphite electrode. It receives electrons and undergoes reduction, becoming negatively charged.