16 Questions
What is the primary source of electrical energy in a galvanic cell?
Spontaneous redox reactions
In a Daniel cell, what is the purpose of the salt bridge?
To connect the two electrolyte solutions
What is the direction of electron flow in a Daniel cell?
From zinc to copper
What is the Nernst equation used for?
To measure the cell potential under non-standard conditions
What is the significance of Faraday's first law of electrolysis?
It relates the mass of a substance to the quantity of electricity passed
What is an application of Faraday's laws of electrolysis?
Electroplating
What is a standard electrode potential?
The potential of an electrode under standard conditions
How are standard electrode potentials typically measured?
Relative to a standard hydrogen electrode
What is the standard electrode potential of a standard hydrogen electrode?
0.00 V
Which electrolyte is commonly used in the salt bridge of an electrochemical cell?
KCl
What is the correct form of the Nernst equation for the electrode potential?
𝐸 = 𝐸⁰ - 𝑅𝑇 / 𝑛𝐹 ln𝑄
In electrolysis, what is the amount of substance deposited at the electrode proportional to?
Charge
Which of the following is not a colligative property?
Electrode potential
What is the role of a salt bridge in an electrochemical cell?
To allow the transfer of ions between the two half-cells
What is Faraday's first law of electrolysis?
The amount of substance deposited at the electrode is proportional to the charge
What is an electrochemical cell?
A device that generates electrical energy from chemical reactions
Study Notes
Electrochemistry
- The standard electrode potential of a standard hydrogen electrode is 0.00 V.
Electrochemical Cells
- In an electrochemical cell, a salt bridge is used to connect the two half-cells, allowing the transfer of ions and maintaining electrical neutrality.
- The electrolyte used in the salt bridge is typically KCl.
Nernst Equation
- The Nernst equation relates the reduction potential of an electrochemical reaction to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (or concentrations) of the chemical species involved.
- The equation is 𝐸 = 𝐸∘ - 𝑅𝑇𝑛𝐹 ln𝑄, where 𝐸 is the electrode potential, 𝐸∘ is the standard electrode potential, 𝑅 is the gas constant, 𝑇 is the temperature, 𝑛 is the number of moles of electrons, 𝐹 is the Faraday constant, and 𝑄 is the reaction quotient.
Electrolysis
- The amount of substance deposited at the electrode is proportional to the charge passed through the electrolyte.
- Faraday's first law of electrolysis states that the amount of chemical change or substance deposited at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity (charge) passed through the electrolyte.
Electrochemical Cell Types
- A galvanic cell, also known as a voltaic cell, is an electrochemical cell that derives electrical energy from spontaneous redox reactions taking place within the cell.
- A Daniel cell consists of a zinc electrode in zinc sulfate solution and a copper electrode in copper sulfate solution, connected by a salt bridge.
Colligative Properties
- Electrode potential is not a colligative property.
- Colligative properties include vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure.
Test your knowledge of electrochemistry basics, including standard electrode potential and Nernst equation.
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