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गैल्वेनिक सेल में इलेक्ट्रॉन का प्रवाह किस दिशा में होता है?
नर्न्सट समीकरण किसे संबंधित करता है?
इलेक्ट्रोकेमिकल सीरीज में अर्रेंजमेंट किस आधार पर किया जाता है?
करोशन क्या है?
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डानियल सेल किस प्रकार का सेल है?
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दो बिंदु आवेशों के बीच विद्युत बल किस नियम द्वारा परिभाषित किया जाता है?
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विद्युत क्षेत्र रेखाओं के घनत्व का क्या अर्थ होता है?
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विद्युत फ्लक्स का माप क्या होता है?
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गाउस के नियम के अनुसार, समीपVAR के लिए विद्युत फ्लक्स क्या होता है?
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विद्युत डिपोल का डिपोल मोमेंट क्या होता है?
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Study Notes
Galvanic Cells
- A galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell that generates an electric potential from spontaneous redox reactions.
- Also known as voltaic cells.
- Consists of two half-cells: an anode (oxidation occurs) and a cathode (reduction occurs).
- Electrons flow from anode to cathode through an external circuit, generating an electric current.
- Examples: zinc-copper cell, Daniell cell.
Nernst Equation
- Relates the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard reduction potential and the concentrations of the reactants and products.
- Equation: E = E° + (RT/nF) * ln(Q)
- Where:
- E = cell potential
- E° = standard cell potential
- R = gas constant
- T = temperature in Kelvin
- n = number of electrons transferred
- F = Faraday constant
- Q = reaction quotient
Electrochemical Series
- A table of standard reduction potentials for half-cells, arranged in order of increasing potential.
- Also known as the electromotive series.
- Used to predict the spontaneity of redox reactions.
- Examples:
- Highly reactive metals (e.g., Li, Na, K): high negative reduction potentials.
- Noble metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt): high positive reduction potentials.
Corrosion and its Prevention
- Corrosion: the degradation of materials (e.g., metals) due to electrochemical reactions with their environment.
- Causes:
- Moisture
- Oxygen
- Acids
- Salts
- Prevention methods:
- Coatings (e.g., paint, varnish)
- Cathodic protection
- Sacrificial protection (e.g., zinc coating on steel)
- Inhibitors (e.g., chromate, phosphate)
Electrolytic Cells
- An electrochemical cell that uses an external voltage source to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction.
- Also known as electrolytic cells or electrolyzers.
- Applications:
- Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen
- Electroplating
- Production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide
- Differences from galvanic cells:
- External voltage source required
- Non-spontaneous reaction occurs
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your understanding of electrochemical cells, including galvanic cells, Nernst equation, electrochemical series, corrosion, and electrolytic cells.
