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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of electrochemistry?
What occurs at the interface between an electrode and an electrolyte?
What type of electrochemical cell generates electricity through spontaneous reactions?
What is the function of an electrode in an electrochemical cell?
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At which electrode does oxidation occur?
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What is an electrolyte?
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What is the process of gaining one or more electrons by an atom or molecule?
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What is the process of losing one or more electrons by an atom or molecule?
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What type of electrochemical cell requires an external power source?
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What is the term for a substance that can dissociate into ions?
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Study Notes
Electrochemistry Basics
- Electrochemistry is the study of the relationship between chemical reactions and electricity.
- It involves the transfer of electrons between atoms or molecules, resulting in a chemical change.
- Electrochemical reactions occur at the interface between an electrode and an electrolyte.
Electrochemical Cells
- An electrochemical cell is a device that generates a potential difference between two electrodes.
- There are two types of electrochemical cells:
- Galvanic cells (voltaic cells): Spontaneous reactions that generate electricity, e.g. batteries.
- Electrolytic cells: Non-spontaneous reactions that require an external power source, e.g. electrolysis of water.
Electrodes
- An electrode is a material that facilitates the transfer of electrons between the electrolyte and the external circuit.
- There are two types of electrodes:
- Anode: The electrode where oxidation occurs, i.e. electrons are lost.
- Cathode: The electrode where reduction occurs, i.e. electrons are gained.
Electrolytes
- An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity through the movement of ions.
- Electrolytes can be strong or weak, depending on their ability to dissociate into ions.
- Examples of electrolytes include acids, bases, and salts.
Electrochemical Reactions
- Oxidation: The loss of one or more electrons by an atom or molecule.
- Reduction: The gain of one or more electrons by an atom or molecule.
- Redox reaction: A reaction that involves both oxidation and reduction.
Key Concepts
- Electrochemical potential: The potential difference between an electrode and the electrolyte.
- Standard electrode potential: The potential of an electrode at standard conditions (1M, 1 atm, 25°C).
- Nernst equation: A mathematical equation that relates the electrode potential to the concentrations of the reactants and products.
Applications of Electrochemistry
- Batteries and fuel cells
- Electroplating and electrochemical synthesis
- Corrosion protection and prevention
- Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
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Description
Learn the fundamentals of electrochemistry, including electrochemical cells, electrodes, electrolytes, and electrochemical reactions. Understand the key concepts and applications of electrochemistry.
