Electrochemistry Basics Quiz

Electrochemistry: Study of the relationship between chemical reactions and electricity.
Redox reactions: Chemical reactions involving the transfer of electrons, which are the basis of electrochemistry.
Oxidation: Loss of electrons, resulting in an increase in oxidation state.
Reduction: Gain of electrons, resulting in a decrease in oxidation state.

Electrochemical cell: Device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa.
Types of cells:
1. Galvanic cell (Voltaic cell): Spontaneous redox reaction generates electricity.
2. Electrolytic cell: External electricity drives a non-spontaneous redox reaction.

Anode: Electrode where oxidation occurs.
Cathode: Electrode where reduction occurs.
Electrode potential: Measure of the tendency of an electrode to undergo oxidation or reduction.
Standard electrode potential: Electrode potential at standard conditions (25°C, 1M concentration, 1 atm pressure).

Half-cell reactions: Individual oxidation or reduction reactions occurring at an electrode.
Cell reaction: Overall reaction resulting from the combination of two half-cell reactions.
Electromotive force (EMF): Maximum potential difference between two electrodes in a cell.

Batteries: Portable devices that store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy.
Electroplating: Deposit of a thin layer of a material onto a surface using an electrochemical reaction.
Corrosion: Undesirable oxidation reaction resulting in material degradation.
Fuel cells: Devices that convert chemical energy from fuels into electrical energy.

Electrochemistry is the study of the relationship between chemical reactions and electricity.
Redox reactions, which involve the transfer of electrons, are the basis of electrochemistry.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons, resulting in an increase in oxidation state.
Reduction is the gain of electrons, resulting in a decrease in oxidation state.

An electrochemical cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa.
Galvanic cells (also known as Voltaic cells) generate electricity through a spontaneous redox reaction.
Electrolytic cells use external electricity to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction.

The anode is the electrode where oxidation occurs.
The cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs.
Electrode potential measures the tendency of an electrode to undergo oxidation or reduction.
Standard electrode potential is the electrode potential at standard conditions (25°C, 1M concentration, 1 atm pressure).

Half-cell reactions are individual oxidation or reduction reactions occurring at an electrode.
The cell reaction is the overall reaction resulting from the combination of two half-cell reactions.
Electromotive force (EMF) is the maximum potential difference between two electrodes in a cell.

Batteries are portable devices that store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy.
Electroplating involves the deposit of a thin layer of a material onto a surface using an electrochemical reaction.
Corrosion is an undesirable oxidation reaction that results in material degradation.
Fuel cells convert chemical energy from fuels into electrical energy.

Methods to prevent pregnancy, including barrier methods, hormonal methods, IUDs, and sterilization
Barrier methods: condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, prevent sperm from reaching egg
Hormonal methods: birth control pills, patches, rings, injections, regulate hormones to prevent ovulation
IUDs: small devices inserted into uterus, prevent fertilization or implantation
Sterilization: vasectomy (male) and tubal ligation (female), permanent prevention of pregnancy

State of carrying a developing fetus from conception to birth, lasts approximately 40 weeks
Embryonic stage: 0-8 weeks, rapid growth and development
Fetal stage: 8 weeks to birth, growth and preparation for birth
Singleton pregnancy: one fetus, most common type
Multiple pregnancy: twins, triplets, etc., higher risk of complications
Complications: miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, gestational diabetes, hypertension
Prenatal care: regular check-ups, ultrasound examinations, blood tests for gestational diabetes and hypertension

Infections transmitted through sexual contact, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic types
Bacterial STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, curable with antibiotics
Viral STIs: HIV, herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), no cure, but manageable with treatment
Parasitic STI: trichomoniasis, curable with antibiotics
Symptoms: genital discharge, burning during urination, itching or sores in genital area
Complications: infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), increased risk of HIV transmission
Prevention: condom use, mutual monogamy, vaccination (HPV, Hepatitis B)

Regular shedding of uterine lining (endometrium) in preparation for potential pregnancy
Follicular phase: Days 1-14, preparation for ovulation
Ovulation: Day 14, release of egg from ovary
Luteal phase: Days 15-28, preparation for potential pregnancy
Symptoms: cramping, bloating, mood changes
Abnormalities: amenorrhea (no menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), menorrhagia (heavy bleeding)
Management: hormonal regulation (birth control pills), pain relief medication, iron supplements for anemia

Ability to conceive and produce offspring, affected by age, weight, lifestyle, and medical conditions
Infertility: primary (never conceived) or secondary (conceived previously, but not currently)
Treatment options: medication (fertility drugs), in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), surrogacy