40 Questions
What is the main function of the left ventricle in the heart?
Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta
Which arteries carry blood to the lungs in the heart's circulatory system?
Right pulmonary arteries
What happens when there is a blockage in the left coronary artery?
Risk of heart attack due to decreased oxygen supply to myocardium
Which part of the heart conducts electrical impulses to regulate heart contractions?
Conducting system of the heart
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart?
Ventricular systole
What is the main function of the tendinous cords that extend from valve cusps to papillary muscles in ventricle walls?
Prevent inversion of cusps when ventricles contract
Which valve controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk?
Pulmonary valve
Where does the coronary sinus drain deoxygenated blood from?
Cardiac striated muscle
What is the function of semilunar valves located at the bases of large arteries?
Prevent backflow of blood from ventricles into arteries
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles experience increased blood pressure?
Systole
What does the AV valve structure provide in the heart?
Support for the valves and electrical insulation
Which heart sound is associated with the closing of the semilunar valves at the start of ventricular diastole?
Dub (S2)
What causes the opening of AV valves and the closing of semilunar valves in the cardiac cycle?
Atrial systole
When do the AV valves close during the cardiac cycle?
At the start of ventricular systole
What happens to the blood flow during ventricular diastole?
Blood moves from ventricles to arteries
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves close?
Ventricular ejection
What is the term for the sound produced by the closing of the semilunar valves?
Dub
Which part of the heart's conducting system is responsible for delaying the impulse to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction?
AV node
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation?
Pulmonary artery
What event immediately follows the closure of the semilunar valves during the cardiac cycle?
Isovolumetric relaxation
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood throughout the entire body, except the lungs?
Left ventricle
What is the function of semilunar valves in the heart?
Prevent backflow when ventricles contract
Which valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
In the cardiac cycle, which heart chamber receives blood from veins?
Right atrium
What separates the atria in the heart?
Interatrial septum
What is the main function of an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?
Recording the electrical activity of the heart's conducting system
Which wave in an ECG represents atrial depolarization?
P wave
What determines the cardiac output (CO) of the heart?
The volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle per heartbeat
Why is the repolarization of the atria not detected on an ECG?
The QRS complex masks it with its stronger signal
What regulates heart function according to the text?
The amount of blood returning to the heart during diastole
What is the outermost layer of the heart wall called?
Epicardium
Where does the pericardial fluid reside within the heart?
Between the visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Left ventricle
What is the main function of the myocardium in the heart?
To provide force for contraction
Where does blood exchange materials with interstitial fluid in the circulatory system?
In capillaries
Which structure separates the heart from surrounding tissues, allowing it to expand and contract as it pumps blood?
Pericardium
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium in heart protection?
It provides a tough, unyielding membrane around the heart
Which layer of the serous pericardium tightly adheres to the surface of the heart?
Visceral layer (epicardium)
Where is the apex of the heart located?
At the lower pointed end extending to the left side
Which layer of the heart wall contains blood vessels that nourish the heart?
Epicardium
Learn about the basics of an electrocardiogram (ECG), including the recording of electrical currents generated by the heart's conducting system. Understand how ECGs provide essential information in diagnosing heart diseases and abnormalities.
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