Electricity Basics

Electricity

Electric Charge

• Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that can be positive or negative.
• Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other.
• The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C).

Electric Current

• Electric current is the flow of electric charge, typically measured in amperes (A).
• It is defined as the rate of flow of charge, with 1 A = 1 C/s.
• Current can be either direct (DC) or alternating (AC).

Electric Potential

• Electric potential, also known as voltage, is the potential energy per unit charge.
• It is measured in volts (V), with 1 V = 1 J/C.
• Electric potential difference is the difference in electric potential between two points.

Resistance

• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).
• It depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor.
• Ohm's Law states that voltage (V) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R): V = IR.

Electric Circuits

• Electric circuits consist of conductors, resistors, and sources of voltage.
• Series circuits have components connected one after the other, while parallel circuits have components connected between the same two points.
• Kirchhoff's Laws describe the behavior of electric circuits: Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL).

Capacitance

• Capacitance is the ability of a device to store electric charge.
• It is measured in farads (F), with 1 F = 1 C/V.
• Capacitors store energy in an electric field and can be connected in series or parallel.

Electromagnetic Induction

• Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electric current in a conductor when it is placed in a changing magnetic field.
• It is the principle behind many electric devices, including generators and transformers.
• Faraday's Law of Induction describes the relationship between the magnetic flux and the induced electromotive force (EMF).

Electric Charge

• Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that can be either positive or negative.
• Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other.
• The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C).

Electric Current

• Electric current is the flow of electric charge, typically measured in amperes (A).
• It is defined as the rate of flow of charge, with 1 A = 1 C/s.
• Current can be either direct (DC) or alternating (AC).

Electric Potential

• Electric potential, also known as voltage, is the potential energy per unit charge.
• It is measured in volts (V), with 1 V = 1 J/C.
• Electric potential difference is the difference in electric potential between two points.

Resistance

• Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).
• It depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area of the conductor.
• Ohm's Law states that voltage (V) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R): V = IR.

Electric Circuits

• Electric circuits consist of conductors, resistors, and sources of voltage.
• Series circuits have components connected one after the other, while parallel circuits have components connected between the same two points.
• Kirchhoff's Laws describe the behavior of electric circuits: Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL).

Capacitance

• Capacitance is the ability of a device to store electric charge.
• It is measured in farads (F), with 1 F = 1 C/V.
• Capacitors store energy in an electric field and can be connected in series or parallel.

Electromagnetic Induction

• Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electric current in a conductor when it is placed in a changing magnetic field.
• It is the principle behind many electric devices, including generators and transformers.
• Faraday's Law of Induction describes the relationship between the magnetic flux and the induced electromotive force (EMF).