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Questions and Answers
What is the unit of electric field strength?
What is the unit of electric field strength?
- Volts per square meter
- Farads per meter
- Newtons per coulomb (correct)
- Coulombs per meter
What is the direction of electric field lines around a point charge?
What is the direction of electric field lines around a point charge?
- They are circular around the charge
- They emerge from the positive charge and enter the negative charge (correct)
- They are parallel to the charge
- They emerge from the negative charge and enter the positive charge
What is a property of electric field?
What is a property of electric field?
- It is a non-conservative field
- It is a quantity that only depends on voltage
- It is a scalar quantity
- It is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction (correct)
What is the formula for capacitance?
What is the formula for capacitance?
What is the type of capacitor that consists of two concentric spherical shells?
What is the type of capacitor that consists of two concentric spherical shells?
What happens when a conductor is brought near a charged object?
What happens when a conductor is brought near a charged object?
What is the application of electrostatic induction?
What is the application of electrostatic induction?
What is the total capacitance of capacitors in series?
What is the total capacitance of capacitors in series?
What is the direction of electric field lines around a point charge?
What is the direction of electric field lines around a point charge?
What is the unit of capacitance?
What is the unit of capacitance?
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Study Notes
Electric Fields
- Definition: Electric field is a vector field that surrounds charged particles and exerts a force on other charged particles in the field.
- Units: Newtons per coulomb (N/C) or volts per meter (V/m)
- Representation: Electric field lines emerge from positive charges and enter negative charges.
- Properties:
- Electric field is conservative, meaning the work done in moving a charge around a closed loop is zero.
- Electric field is a vector, with both magnitude and direction.
Capacitance
- Definition: Capacitance is the ability of a device to store electric charge.
- Units: Farads (F)
- Formula: C = Q/V, where C is capacitance, Q is charge, and V is voltage.
- Types of Capacitors:
- Parallel-plate capacitor: Consists of two parallel plates separated by a dielectric material.
- Spherical capacitor: Consists of two concentric spherical shells.
- Capacitors in Series and Parallel:
- Series: 1/C_total = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + ...
- Parallel: C_total = C1 + C2 + ...
Electrostatic Induction
- Definition: Electrostatic induction is the redistribution of electric charge in a conductor due to the presence of a nearby charge.
- Process:
- A conductor is brought near a charged object.
- The charged object induces a redistribution of charge in the conductor.
- The conductor becomes polarized, with opposite charges accumulating on opposite sides.
- Applications:
- Electrometers: Measure the distribution of charge on a conductor.
- Electrostatic generators: Generate high voltages using electrostatic induction.
Potential Difference
- Definition: Potential difference is the difference in electric potential energy between two points in an electric field.
- Units: Volts (V)
- Formula: V = k * Q / r, where V is potential difference, k is Coulomb's constant, Q is charge, and r is distance.
- Electric Potential:
- Electric potential is a scalar quantity, measured in volts (V).
- Electric potential is related to electric field by: E = -∇V, where E is electric field and ∇ is the gradient operator.
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