Electricity and Electric Forces

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Questions and Answers

What is electricity a form of?

Energy due to charged particles (correct)

Energy due to moving particles

Energy due to uncharged particles

Energy due to neutral particles

What is the main difference between a neutral and a charged object?

A neutral object has more positive charges, while a charged object has more negative charges

A neutral object has an equal number of positive and negative charges, while a charged object has an imbalance of positive and negative charges (correct)

A neutral object has no charges, while a charged object has both positive and negative charges

A neutral object has more negative charges, while a charged object has more positive charges

What is electrostatic interaction?

The repulsion between two charged objects

The attraction between two neutral objects

The attraction between a charged and a neutral object

The interaction between electrically charged particles, resulting in attraction or repulsion (correct)

What is the principle behind charging an object by friction?

The transfer of electrons from one object to another when two neutral objects are rubbed together Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrostatic series?

A list of materials arranged in order of their tendency to gain electrons Signup and view all the answers

How do anti-cling sheets work?

They heat up and coat the sheets, eliminating charge when friction is applied Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a neutral object comes into contact with a charged object?

The neutral object becomes charged with the same charge Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of net charge on an object?

The difference between protons and electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the magnitude of the electric force between two charged objects?

The amount of charge on both objects and the distance between them Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a grounding system?

To neutralize the electric charge on an object Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an insulator and a conductor?

Insulators are non-metals, while conductors are metals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lightning rod?

To protect a building from lightning strikes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between static electricity and current electricity?

Static electricity is a buildup of electric charge, while current electricity is a continuous flow of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is an electric circuit?

A closed path along which electrons powered by an energy source can flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an electrostatic precipitator?

To remove unwanted particles and liquid droplets from a flow of gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of induction in charging an object?

To create a temporary electric charge on the object, unless it is grounded Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electricity

Electricity is a form of energy due to charged particles (electrons moving)
There are two types of electricity: static and current

Electric Force

Electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles
Amount and direction of attraction or repulsion between charged bodies
Opposites attract, like charges repel, and neutral objects attract to charged particles
No charge between two neutral objects

Charging an Object

Friction: transfer of electrons from one object to another when two neutral objects are rubbed together
Contact: a neutral object becomes charged when touched by a charged object
Induction: the movement of electrons in a substance caused by the electric field of a nearby charged object, without direct contact

Electrostatic Series

A list of materials arranged in order of their tendency to gain electrons
Materials with higher affinity to electrons take electrons from weaker materials

Static Electricity

Charging by contact: a neutral object becomes charged when touched by a charged object
Electric forces: the amount of net charge depends on the difference between protons and electrons
Electric fields: a property of the space around a charged object where other objects can feel the effect of its charges
Grounding: an object that can supply a very large number of electrons to or can remove a very large number of electrons from a charged object, thus neutralizing the object

Insulators vs. Conductors

Insulators: electrons cannot move easily from one atom to another (non-metals)
Conductors: electrons can move easily between atoms (metals)

Grounding

Ground can either remove electrons or supply electrons
Grounding makes induced charges permanent
What can act as a ground: metals, conductors, and lightning rods

Current Electricity

Difference between static and current electricity: static charges build up and discharge, while current electricity is a continuous flow of electrons
Electric circuit: a closed path along which electrons powered by an energy source can flow
Examples of energy sources: wall outlet, cell, or battery

Electric Circuit

A closed path -> a loop where electrons flow from and return to the energy source
Most of the energy in ON comes from hydroelectric and nuclear plants
Voltaic Cell: a source of energy that generates an electric current by chemical reactions involving two different metals