Electrical System Breaker Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the stationary breaker point in the primary electrical circuit?

  • To provide an adjustable timing mechanism for ignition (correct)
  • To reduce corrosion on the cam follower
  • To connect the cam follower directly to the rotor shaft
  • To generate electrical current when points are closed

Which component is responsible for forcing the movable breaker contact away from the stationary contact?

  • The cam follower (correct)
  • The felt oiler pad
  • The metal leaf spring
  • The magneto rotor shaft

How does the felt oiler pad contribute to the operation of the electrical system?

  • It connects the cam follower to the rotor
  • It lubricates and prevents corrosion on the cam (correct)
  • It adjusts the timing of the breaker points
  • It prevents wear of the breaker contacts

What material is typically used for the cam follower in the primary electrical circuit?

<p>Micarta block (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism drives the breaker-actuating cam in the electrical system?

<p>A gear train from the rotor shaft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the moment when the breaker points are closing in the ignition system?

<p>A maximum amount of flux is passing through the coil core. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What timing mechanism is responsible for the opening and closing of the breaker points?

<p>The breaker cam. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which point does the magnetic rotor open the breaker points?

<p>After reaching the neutral position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the top of Figure 4-7 represent?

<p>The original static flux curve of the magnets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the condenser in the electrical circuit?

<p>To store electrical energy for discharge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a FADEC system?

<p>It is an electronic control system for reciprocating engines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of high-tension magneto systems?

<p>They are widely used due to advancements in technology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason low-tension magneto systems are now rare?

<p>Advancements in materials and shielding have rendered them obsolete. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a magneto generate current?

<p>Through the interaction of a moving permanent magnet and a coil of wire. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the throttle input in FADEC systems?

<p>Throttle input is primarily controlled electronically. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates high-tension from low-tension magneto systems?

<p>High-tension systems use higher voltage outputs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym FADEC stand for?

<p>Full Authority Digital Engine Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of generator is a magneto classified as?

<p>Engine-driven alternate current generator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the flux in the primary coil when current ceases to flow?

<p>It decreases to zero. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the primary current affect the magnetic field during the ignition process?

<p>It prevents the field from changing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the condenser play when the breaker points open?

<p>It helps interrupt the current flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs right after the spark discharge?

<p>A series of small oscillations appear. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the high-voltage in the secondary winding have during ignition?

<p>It ignites the fuel/air mixture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as the magnet rotor reaches the position before the breaker points open?

<p>High stress builds up in the magnetic circuit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the condition of the spark after it initially occurs?

<p>It lasts for a brief moment only. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when voltage in the secondary winding becomes too low?

<p>The oscillations cease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the spark to follow a carbon track to the ground instead of reaching the spark plug?

<p>Carbon provides an alternative path for current when moisture evaporates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to reducing the tendency of flashover in magnetos?

<p>Adequate drainage and proper ventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can magnetos not be hermetically sealed?

<p>Changes in altitude affect pressure and temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario does flashover become more likely?

<p>At high altitudes due to lower air pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does good magneto circulation play in an ignition system?

<p>Carries away corrosive gases produced by arcing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential in some magneto installations to prevent flashover during high altitude flight?

<p>Pressurization of internal components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of carbon tracking in an ignition system?

<p>Impaired ignition leading to failure of cylinder firing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a normal byproduct of arcing within the distributor air gap?

<p>Ozone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum voltage that can be generated in the secondary circuit of high-tension magnetos?

<p>20,000 volts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of a distributor?

<p>Distributor rotor and distributor block (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a secondary circuit, what role does the distributor rotor play during ignition?

<p>It directs the high voltage to the spark plug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the orientation of the distributor rotor affect ignition in the cylinders?

<p>It aligns with the electrode in the distributor block (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is the distributor rotor typically made of?

<p>Non-conducting material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the distributor rotate at one-half crankshaft speed in four-stroke cycle engines?

<p>To synchronize with the spark plug firing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the high voltage in the secondary circuit when it reaches the spark plug?

<p>To ignite the fuel/air mixture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'circumferentially' refer to in the arrangement of electrodes around the distributor block?

<p>In a circular pattern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the breaker points in the secondary circuit open?

<p>The secondary voltage is induced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrodes does the distributor block have in relation to the engine's cylinders?

<p>Equal to the number of cylinders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control)

A system that controls the engine electronically, commonly used in newer aircraft.

Magneto-Ignition System

Type of ignition system that uses a permanent magnet to generate electricity for sparking.

High-Tension Magneto System

A type of magneto-ignition that produces high voltage for sparking.

Low-Tension Magneto System

A type of magneto-ignition that produces low voltage, less common due to advancements in technology.

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Magneto

A type of generator that uses a permanent magnet to produce AC electrical current.

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Permanent Magnet

A component of the magneto that creates a magnetic field.

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Coil of Wire

Part of the magneto that generates current using the magnetic field.

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Relative Movement

The generation of current happens when a coil of wire moves relative to a permanent magnet.

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Static Flux

The initial magnetic field produced by the magnets in the magneto system before the breaker points open or close.

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Breaker Points

The components that interrupt the flow of current in the primary circuit of a magneto system, creating a spark at the spark plug.

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Breaker Cam

A rotating component that controls the timing of the breaker points' opening and closing, ensuring the spark occurs at the correct time in the engine cycle.

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Dynamic Flux

The magnetic field that changes in strength as the breaker points open and close, inducing a high voltage in the primary winding of the magneto coil.

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Electromagnetic Induction

The process of inducing a high voltage in the primary winding of the magneto coil by changing the magnetic flux through the coil.

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Breaker point grounding

A component of the breaker assembly that connects the magneto housing to the breaker point, completing the primary circuit when the points are closed.

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Cam follower function

The part of the breaker assembly that is spring-loaded against the cam. It moves the movable breaker contact away from the stationary contact.

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Cam follower material

The material used for the cam follower. It needs to be durable and able to withstand wear and tear. Micarta is a common material.

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Felt oiler pad function

A felt pad placed under the metal spring leaf to lubricate the cam and prevent corrosion. This ensures smooth operation and longevity.

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Breaker-actuating cam connection

The cam that actuates the breaker points can be directly connected to the rotor shaft or connected through a gear train. This ensures proper timing for sparking.

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Lenz's Law

The magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux.

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Primary Coil Function

The primary coil in an ignition system uses an electromagnet to generate a magnetic field.

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Inductive Voltage

The rapid decrease in magnetic flux in the primary coil, caused by the breaking of the circuit, induces a very high voltage in the secondary coil.

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Breaker Points Function

The breaker points interrupt the current flow in the primary coil, causing a rapid change in the magnetic flux.

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Condenser Function

The condenser helps to reduce arcing and wear on the breaker points when they open the circuit.

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Secondary Coil Function

The secondary coil in an ignition system uses a high-voltage induced by the primary coil to create a spark across the spark plug gap.

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Spark Plug Function

The spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinder, starting combustion.

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Spark Plug Discharge

The spark plug discharge consists of one main peak and a series of small oscillations until the voltage drops too low.

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Carbon Tracking

When water evaporates during flashover, carbon residue forms a conductive path for current, preventing the spark from reaching the spark plug and causing the cylinder to not fire.

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Flashover

The process where a spark jumps across a gap when air pressure is low, hindering proper ignition.

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Magneto Venting

Magnetos are designed with drainage points and ventilation to allow moisture to escape, minimizing the risk of flashover and carbon tracking.

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Magneto Ventilation - Gas Removal

Corrosive gases like ozone, produced during arcing in the distributor, can damage internal components. Adequate ventilation in magnetos helps remove these gases.

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Magneto Pressurization

In some installations, magnetos are pressurized to create a higher internal pressure than the surrounding air. This helps prevent flashover during high altitude flight.

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Magnetos with Turbocharged Engines

Magnetos used with turbocharged engines often utilize pressurization to counteract the lower air pressure at high altitudes.

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Flashover & High Altitude

Lower air pressure at high altitudes increases the likelihood of flashover because electricity has an easier time jumping a gap.

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High Altitude Magneto

This type of magneto is designed to withstand the challenges of high altitude flight and is typically used with turbocharged engines.

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Secondary Electrical Circuit

A component of the ignition system that generates a high voltage to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinders. It uses a permanent magnet and a coil of wire to create a high-voltage electric current.

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Distributor Rotor

A rotating component of the distributor that transmits high voltage from the secondary coil to the spark plugs.

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Distributor Block

A stationary component of the distributor that contains terminals for each cylinder and receives the high-voltage signal from the rotor.

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Spark Plug

An electrical component with a small gap between two electrodes, used to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinder.

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Breaker Points Open

The moment when the breaker points open in the primary circuit, causing the secondary coil to generate high voltage.

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Spark Plug Selection

The high voltage generated in the secondary circuit is directed to the correct spark plug by the distributor rotor aligning with the electrode in the distributor block corresponding to the firing cylinder.

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Distributor Rotation Speed

The distributor rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft, ensuring that each cylinder receives a spark at the appropriate time in its combustion cycle.

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High Voltage Distribution

The process of distributing the high voltage to different cylinders, ensuring each spark plug receives energy when it needs it.

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Spark Jump

The high-voltage spark jumps the gap between the spark plug electrodes, igniting the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinder.

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Study Notes

Reciprocating Engines AVIA 1065 Ignition Systems

  • Reciprocating engines utilize ignition systems to deliver high-tension sparks across spark plug electrodes.
  • The spark timing needs to be precise in each cylinder, following the correct firing order.
  • The spark must happen before the top dead center position of the piston.
  • The output voltage of the system must be sufficient to arc across the spark plug-electrode gap under all operational conditions.
  • The spark plug threads into the cylinder head, exposing its electrodes to the combustion area.

Engine Ignition and Electrical Systems

  • Basic ignition system requirements are similar, regardless of the engine type.
  • Systems need to fire sparks in the correct cylinder order.
  • Appropriate spark timing is crucial; it occurs degrees ahead of top dead center.
  • Sufficient output voltage is needed for adequate spark across gaps in spark plugs.
  • Spark plugs need to be threaded correctly into the cylinder head for optimal performance.

Two Ignition System Classifications

  • Magneto-ignition systems are a common type.
  • Magneto systems for a single engine might consist of one magneto with the necessary wiring alongside another.
  • Dual magneto systems often feature one rotating magnet serving more than one magneto.
  • Another set of ignition systems are those using electronic controls called Full Authority Digital Engine Controls or FADEC.

Magneto-Ignition System Operating Principles

  • The magneto is a special type of engine-driven alternating current (AC) generator.
  • The magneto employs a permanent magnet as its energy source.
  • Current generation happens due to the movement of a wire coil within a magnetic field.

Engine Ignition and Electrical System Components

  • Magneto Unit: Contains the components that generate and deliver the spark.
  • Spark Generation: Components generating the spark.
  • Condenser: Stores electrical energy to enhance the spark's intensity.
  • Contact Breaker: Opens and closes the circuit to control the timing of the spark and regulate current.
  • Coil: Conducts and stores energy to intensify the spark.
  • Ignition Switch: Controls the flow of electricity for the ignition system.

Recip Engine Ignition Systems- Operation

  • High tension magneto operation relies on a distributor block, gears, various bearings, and a cam.
  • Timing for a high-tension magneto system is reliant on components such as output coils, distributor gears, and a cam.
  • The distributor block, a major component, is involved with the operation.
  • All components involved in the operation of the ignition system for a reciprocating piston engine need precise timing and cooperation from the cam, output coils and gears and bearings.

Engine Ignition and Electrical Systems - Magnetic Circuit

  • The magnetic circuit in a magneto device consists of a rotating multi-pole magnet, a soft iron core, and pole shoes.
  • This setup creates magnetic lines of force which in turn generate an electrical voltage.
  • The poles of the magnet are arranged alternatingly, allowing the flux to move from north to south through the coil core.

Primary Electrical Circuit

  • The primary coil's electrical configuration includes a coil, breaker contacts, and a condenser positioned in parallel to the breaker contacts.
  • The primary circuit is complete only when the ungrounded breaker contact touches the grounded breaker point.
  • A condenser(capacitor) is included in the primary circuit, crucial for preventing arcing at the contacts when it's opened.
  • The use of the condenser hastens the magnetic field collapse in the primary coil circuit.

Secondary Electrical Circuit

  • The secondary circuit components include a secondary coil, distributor, rotor, distributor cap, ignition electrical lead to spark plug.
  • The secondary coil creates high voltage electricity.
  • As the rotor turns and the breaker points open, the secondary coil receives energy generating a flux change causing a voltage pulse.
  • The voltage is distributed through the distributor rotor to the relevant spark plug.
  • The number of windings in the secondary coil dictates the high voltage output produced.

Magneto and Distributor Venting

  • Proper venting of magneto systems, which might incorporate drains and ventilation systems, maintains consistent circulation of gases and prevents moistures from condensing inside components preventing corrosion and damage.
  • Moisture inside the magneto components will create problems for the ignition system operation.
  • This is especially vital at high altitudes and with turbocharged engines, where there's less air pressure, which causes voltage to more readily jump the gaps.

Summary

  • Various components work together in detailed sequence to generate electrical energy for the spark plug ignition.
  • Different types of ignition systems exist, each with their own unique components and operating principles.
  • Understanding the intricacies of both primary and secondary circuits is vital for troubleshooting and maintenance of reciprocating engine ignition systems.

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Reciprocating Engines AVIA 1065 Ignition Systems PDF

Description

Test your understanding of the primary electrical circuit, focusing on components such as breaker points, felt oiler pads, and the role of the condenser. This quiz covers the mechanisms driving the operation of electrical systems including magneto systems and FADEC. Perfect for students and technical enthusiasts.

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