1100 Ch01-06 Final Part 1

Electrical Safety Guidelines

• Adhere to electrical safety guidelines to prevent fires, injuries, and fatalities.
• Some printer parts, such as power supplies, contain high voltage. Consult the printer manual to locate high-voltage components.
• Some components retain high voltage after the printer is turned off.
• Electrical devices have specific power requirements.
• Using a different AC adapter for a laptop may damage both the adapter and the laptop.
• All electrical equipment must be grounded to safely conduct fault currents away from the system.

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Prevention

• ESD occurs when static electricity builds up and discharges to a different surface.
• ESD can permanently damage computer equipment.
• Follow proper handling procedures to prevent ESD.
• Keep components in antistatic bags until installation.
• Utilize grounded mats on workbenches and in work areas.
• Wear antistatic wrist straps when working inside computers.
• A person can feel ESD at 3000 volts. Damage can occur at less than 30 volts.

Computer Case Design

• Computer cases (chassis, cabinet, tower, housing) provide protection and cooling for internal components.
• Cases are typically made from plastic, steel, or aluminum.
• Various computer case form factors exist (horizontal case, full-size tower, compact tower, all-in-one).
• Case fans circulate air to remove heat and prevent overheating.
• Internal components are grounded to the case to mitigate ESD.

Power Conversion

• Wall outlets provide alternating current (AC).
• Computer components require direct current (DC).
• The computer's power supply converts AC to lower voltage DC.
• Different power supply form factors exist (AT, ATX, ATX12V, EPS12V), offering unique voltage outputs like 3.3V, 5V, and 12V for various digital circuits and motors.
• Power supplies are single, dual, or multi-rail (separate PCBs).

Motherboard Components

• The motherboard (system board, main board) interconnects electronic components.
• Components are soldered or connected via sockets, expansion slots, and ports.
• Key components include the CPU (brain), RAM (temporary storage), expansion slots (new component connections), chipset (controls interactions), and BIOS/UEFI (boot up management).
• SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a disk drive interface allowing hot-swappable devices.

Motherboard Form Factors

• ATX: Large and flexible, suitable for high-end builds.
• Micro-ATX: Balanced size, providing decent expandability.
• Mini-ITX: Compact for smaller builds.
• ITX: Ultra-compact for extremely limited space needs.

CPU Architecture

• CPUs interpret instructions, manage hardware signals, and execute program instructions.
• CPU packages come in various form factors, needing specific sockets.
• Common manufacturers include Intel and AMD.
• CPU socket types include PGA (pins on the processor) and LGA (pins in the socket).
• The process of installing a CPU into the socket or slot may affect the amount of insertion force.

Computer Cooling

• Computer components generate heat; cooling prevents malfunctions.
• Active cooling uses fans; passive methods reduce component speeds or add heat sinks.
• Heat pipes and water-cooling systems are used for specialized high-performance computers.

Storage Devices

• Data drives store non-volatile data.
• SATA, SAS, SSD, and optical drives (CD, DVD, Blu-ray) are different storage types.
• SATA versions are backward compatible.
• SSDs, having no moving parts, are faster, quieter, and more reliable than HDD.

Video Ports and Cables

• Video ports connect monitors to computers; transmitting analog or digital signals.
• Common ports include VGA, DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort.
• HDMI/DisplayPort are more commonly used in modern computers.
• Adapters and converters translate signals between different technologies.

Computer Output Devices

• Output devices display binary information to the user (monitors, projectors, VR headsets, printers).
• Monitor types include LCD, LED, and OLED.
• LCD has polarizing filters and a liquid crystal solution.
• LED uses LED backlighting for brighter and thinner displays.
• OLED uses organic material for deeper blacks.

External Storage

• External storage, such as USB drives and external hard drives, offers portability.
• Portable devices such as thumb drives (flash drives) are frequently used for temporary files.

Expansion Cards

• Expansion cards (add-on cards) add extra computer functionality (graphics cards, sound cards, storage controllers).
• PCI and PCIe slots (PCI Express) connect to the expansion cards.
• Choosing the correct card is influenced by current and future user need.

Media Cards

• Various media card formats exist (e.g., SD, microSD, CompactFlash).
• Media cards provide removable storage for data, music, pictures, etc,.

System Panel Connectors

• The system panel (front panel) includes power buttons, reset buttons, LEDs (power, drive activity), a speaker and audio jacks, and USB/FireWire ports.

Multiple Monitors

• Multiple monitors can be connected to a computer to expand the desktop space.

Computer Upgrades

• Computer upgrades are influenced by user requirements, software needs, and performance enhancements.
• Carefully record the current computer setup before beginning any upgrade.
• Choose correct components that are compatible with the existing computer and new peripherals.

Preventive Maintenance

• Preventive maintenance is essential for preventing computer component failures, optimizing data integrity and reducing costs.
• Regular cleaning, inspections, and replacements are crucial.
• Proper environmental conditions prevent dust and contaminants from affecting components.
• Software maintenance (updates, removing unused programs, virus scans) must be performed systematically and regularly.

Troubleshooting Process

• A logical approach to computer problems is essential.
• It is vital to ensure data is backed up before performing any repair.
• Verification of previous backups, signing liability release forms, if needed, helps avoid or lessen damage.

Computer Components Disposal

• Proper disposal of hazardous components (batteries, monitors, toner) is essential to safeguard the environment.
• Consulting local environmental regulations is vital before disposing of any computer or other electronic component.

Computer Boot Process

• The POST (power-on self-test) is performed by the BIOS/UEFI during bootup.
• Beep codes indicate hardware problems.
• Consult BIOS documentation for specific error codes and/or beep codes for your system.
• CMOS memory stores BIOS/UEFI settings.
• The battery supplies power to CMOS.

Power Fluctuations

• Power fluctuations (blackouts, brownouts, noise, spikes, surges) can damage computer components.
• Surge protectors, UPSs (uninterruptible power supplies), and SPSs (standby power supplies) are used to mitigate the risks of power fluctuations.

Instruction Sets

• CPUs use instruction sets (RISC and CISC) to interpret and execute programs.

Multicore Processors

• Multicore processors (multiple cores) improve efficiency and performance, especially for multitasking and complex tasks.
• Examples of processor types are single, dual, triple, quad, hexa, and octa-core. (different numbers of CPU cores)
• CPU cores have cache memory enabling them to more quickly process data and instructions
• Additional cache levels (L1, L2, L3) improves efficiency and performance when multiple cores are processing different instructions and data.

Cooling Solutions

• Components like the CPU heat sink and CPU fan generate heat from cooling and other computer components requiring additional fans, and water cooling.

RAID

• RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) allows for data redundancy, improved performance, and increased storage capacity using multiple storage drives.

Legacy Ports

• Older computer ports (serial, parallel, game, PS/2) have been replaced by newer, more versatile technologies (USB, HDMI, DisplayPort).

Computer Architecture

• The flow of data (data bus, address bus) in a computer system needs a well understood appreciation of data buses, transmission delays and heat generation.
• Clock speed, bus size, and bit capacity of various connections are key factors that determine data transfer and processing capability.
• Overclocking can improve a processor's speed but might damage the system when done improperly.

This quiz covers essential electrical safety guidelines and electrostatic discharge (ESD) prevention techniques. Learn how to handle electrical components safely and avoid potential hazards associated with high voltage parts. Test your knowledge on preventing ESD damage to computer equipment.