Electrical Safety and Earthing Principles

Study Notes

Keep the victim comfortable and warm until help arrives.
Monitor their breathing and pulse continuously.
Inspect the area and equipment involved after an incident.
Prevent future occurrences through corrective actions.
Educate others about electrical safety and proper equipment handling.
Wear protective gear like insulated gloves and shoes when working with electrical equipment.
Install Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) in moisture-prone areas for shock prevention.
Regularly maintain all electrical installations and devices by qualified professionals.
Even if the victim appears to recover fully, seek medical attention as electrical shocks can cause internal injuries.

Earthing provides a path to ground for any fault current, preventing dangerous electrical shock.
It also protects electrical appliances from damage by channeling excess current to the ground.

Immediately disconnect the power source.
If the victim is still in contact with the source, use a non-conductive material to move them away.
If breathing or heartbeat is absent, perform CPR.
Seek immediate medical attention.

An electromagnetic device that automatically breaks a circuit when current exceeds a set limit.
Available as single-pole (SP) and double-pole (DP) types.
Provides overload protection.

Distribution Board (DB Box): Divides the electrical feed into subsidiary circuits and provides protection for each circuit
Indicator: Shows the status of the supply (glowing indicates supply is present)
Socket and Plug: Used for connecting electrical appliances
Fan Regulator: Regulates the speed of a fan or motor by adjusting the voltage applied to it
Holder: Holds a light bulb or lamp securely

Connect color-coded wires (red - phase, black - neutral, green - earth) according to the circuit diagram.
Use a tester to verify connections throughout the circuit.
Connect different room switch boards and loads to the DB Box once the main connection is complete.
Ensure all loads function properly after applying the supply.
Test the functionality of Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) and MCB under various conditions.

Measure voltage at all levels of the circuit and record the data.
Calculate the loads connected for each house.
Monitor the energy consumption using the energy meter and verify through manual calculations.

Lighting circuits are used for lighting fixtures, while power circuits are used for appliances that require higher current.
Adhere to primary electrical safety standards and codes for residential wiring.
Improve energy efficiency through measures like using energy-efficient appliances and LED lighting.
Routine maintenance includes checking for loose wiring, inspecting the condition of insulation, and testing circuit breakers.
Select appropriate circuit breakers and fuses based on the size (amperage) of the circuit and the load it will handle.

Voltmeter: Measures electric potential difference between two points in a circuit; connected in parallel.
Ammeter: Measures the current in a circuit; connected in series.
Wattmeter: Measures the power consumed by a load.
Energy Meter (kWh): Measures the total energy consumed over time.

Meter Reading: Record the initial and final meter readings to determine consumption.
Tariff Structure: Energy tariff rates vary based on consumer category (residential, commercial, industrial) and consumption levels.
Calculate Cost:
- Multiply units consumed in each slab by the corresponding tariff rate.
- Add fixed charges, additional charges, taxes, and duties (if applicable) to find the total bill.