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Explain the fundamental concepts of atoms and atomic structure as discussed
Atoms consist of a small nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by moving electrons. Atoms are electrically neutral, with the number of positively charged protons being equal to the number of negatively charged electrons. The atomic number (Z) represents the number of electrons or protons in the atom, ranging from 1 for hydrogen to 92 for uranium. The atomic mass (A) is the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons within the nucleus.
Define the terms 'atomic number' and 'atomic mass' as mentioned in the text.
The atomic number (Z) refers to the number of electrons or protons in the atom, while the atomic mass (A) is the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons within the nucleus.
Discuss the significance of quantum numbers in the context of atoms and atomic structure.
Quantum numbers describe the distribution of electrons in an atom, including their energy levels, shapes of orbitals, orientation in space, and spin. They provide important information about the behavior and arrangement of electrons within an atom.
What is the composition of the nucleus of an atom and how does it contribute to the overall electric neutrality of the atom?
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